Term
| Nonprescription Anti emetics |
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Definition
| Anti histamines, Bismuth subsalicylate, Emetrol |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs: dimenhydrinate, meclizine hydrochloride
Action: inhibit vestibular stimulation in the middle ear
Symptoms:anticholinergic (drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision caused by pupillary dilation, tachycardia (with anticholinergic use), urinary retention, and constipation
These drugs should not be used by patients with glaucoma. |
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Term
| Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) |
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Definition
| Action: acts directly on gastric mucosa to decrease irritation, also antibacterial |
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Term
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Definition
Action: decreases n/v by changing the gastric pH, decreases smooth muscle contraction of the stomach
High sugar content, avoid with diabetes patients |
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Term
| Prescription Anti emetics |
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Definition
| Dopamine antagonists, Phenothiazines, Benzodiazepines, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. |
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Term
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Definition
Butyrohenones: Droperidol, Haloperidol
Action:Block dopamine 2 receptors in the CTZ
Side effects: EPS symptoms, hypotension
May be used for post op nausea and vomiting. |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs: Promethazine
Also an antihistamine
Side effects antihistamine and anticholinergic effects |
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Term
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Definition
Drug: lorazepam
action:Used for its antianxiety properties, used in combination with others for chemotherapy . |
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Term
| Nonprescription Anti emetics |
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Definition
| Anti histamines, Bismuth subsalicylate, Emetrol |
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Term
|
Definition
Drugs: dimenhydrinate, meclizine hydrochloride
Action: inhibit vestibular stimulation in the middle ear
Symptoms:anticholinergic (drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision caused by pupillary dilation, tachycardia (with anticholinergic use), urinary retention, and constipation
These drugs should not be used by patients with glaucoma. |
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Term
| Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) |
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Definition
| Action: acts directly on gastric mucosa to decrease irritation, also antibacterial |
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Term
|
Definition
Action: decreases n/v by changing the gastric pH, decreases smooth muscle contraction of the stomach
High sugar content, avoid with diabetes patients |
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Term
| Prescription Anti emetics |
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Definition
| Dopamine antagonists, Phenothiazines, Benzodiazepines, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. |
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Term
|
Definition
Butyrohenones: Droperidol, Haloperidol
Action:Block dopamine 2 receptors in the CTZ
Side effects: EPS symptoms, hypotension
May be used for post op nausea and vomiting. |
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Term
|
Definition
Drugs: Promethazine
Also an antihistamine
Side effects antihistamine and anticholinergic effects |
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Term
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Definition
Drug: lorazepam
action:Used for its antianxiety properties, used in combination with others for chemotherapy . |
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Term
| 5-HT3 receptor antagonists |
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Definition
Action: Blocks serotonin receptors in CTZ
Drugs: Ondanetron
Increased efficacy with steroids; potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmia with IV route.
Palonosetron:2nd gneration more potent, longer half life |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs: dexamethasone, methylprednisolone
Use: cancer chemotherapy, given IV only for a short time |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs: dronabinol, used when cannot take other antiemetics, avoid giving to patients with psychiatric disorders, can stimulate appetite for AIDS patients. |
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Term
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Definition
Metroclopramide- interacting with receptors for ach and dopamine on the gastrointestinal muscles and nerves, used to increase gastric emptying.
Blackboxwarning- tardice dyskinesia. |
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Term
| Prescriptive antihistamines and anticholinergics |
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Definition
Drugs: Hydroxyzine, Promethazine, Scolamine
Side effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vison caused by pupillary dialation, tachycardia(with anticholonergic use) and constipation
Should not be used with patients with glaucoma. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug: Ipecac
Action: stimulates the CTZ and acts directly on gastric mucosa
Use Induces vomitting after toxic substance, onset of 15-30 minutes.
Caution: avoid vomiting if substance is caustic or petroleum because can damage Esophagus on the way back up.
Activated charcoal is given when emesis is contraindicated. |
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Term
| Antidiarrheal 3 categories |
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Definition
| Absorbents, Opioids, Somatastatin analogs. |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs Bismuth-subsalicylate, Kaolin, Questran.
Action: coats GI tract, absorbs bacteria or toxins. |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs: Lomotil(sechedule 5 controlled substance), Loperamide(OTC)
Action: Rapid onset and effectiveness. At doses used for diarrhea, opioids do not produce dependence or serious adverse effects. |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs: octreotide
Used for severe diarrhea from cancer
Action: inhibits gastric acid, secretions, and hormones. Decreases smoothmuscle contractillity. |
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Term
| Nursing interventions for N/V |
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Definition
*nonpharacological interventions
*stay ahead of it, take it prophylactically
*monitor vital signs, bowel sounds
*monitor for dehydration
*warn cilent to not take alcohol with antiemetics
*Avoid giving to pregnant women
*Avoid driving |
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Term
| Nursing interventions for anti diarrheals |
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Definition
*Monitor BP and respirations
*report more than 10 to 15 mm HG decrease in BP
*Monitor bowel movements and sounds
*Monitor electrolytes
*If diarrhea persists after 48 hours, notify healthcare provider. |
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Term
| Treatment for constipation |
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Definition
Laxatives- drugs that promote bowel movement
Cathartic- drug thatpromotes strong and complete dowel emptying
Purgatives- promotes watery stoll with cramping(harsh) |
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Term
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Definition
Drug: Metamucil
*Absorbs water- add t the size of the fecal mass
*Prevention and treatment of chronic constipation.
*Slow onset of action
*Not used when a rapid and complete bowel evacuation is necessary
*administration: mix in glass of water or juice. stir and drink immediately followed by one glass of water. |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs: Colace, Amitiza(Cl channel activator)
*Cause more water and fat to be absorbed into the stools
*emulsifies and lubricates the feces
*used to prevent constipation |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs: Ex-Lax, Dulcolax, Correctol
*Promote parastalsis by irritating the bowel
*more likely to cause diarrhea and cramping
*should only be used occasionally- may cause dependence and depletion of fluid and electrolytes |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs: Milk of magnesia, polyethlene glycol
*Cause water to be retained in the fecal mass to cause more watery stool
*Used for surgical and diagnostic prep
*Side effects: Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, hypotension, weakness |
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Term
| Contraindications of Laxatives |
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Definition
*undiagnosed abdominal pain
*inflammatory disorders of the GI tract: Appendicitis, diverticulitis, UC
*Spastic colon
*Bowel obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
*alternatives: high fiber diet, increased fluid
*stool softeners and bulk products preferable to stimulants
*laxative dependency |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when stomach contents backup through the LES into the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
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Term
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Definition
*Ulcers in the stomach or intestine
*single small round cavities; breakdown of mucosa
*Caused by helicobacter pylori organism, some are due to medications few by stomach or intestinal cancers. |
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Term
| Drug treatment for Peptic ulcer disease |
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Definition
*H2- receptor blockers
*Antibiotics
*Proton pump inhibitors
*Antacids |
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Term
| Histamine-2 (H2) Receptor Antagonists |
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Definition
Drugs: Zantac, Pepcid
*Prevents histamine from stimulating the H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells, reducing volume and concentration of gastric acid secretions.
*Adverse effects are minor.
*wait 30mins to an hour between taking antacid and H2 blocker
*Zantac should not be taken with antacids, interacts with other meds and labs. |
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