Term
|
Definition
| noradrenergic antidepressent drug has been proved to be the most effective strategy for smoking cessation |
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Term
|
Definition
Reduced mortality, improved quality of life in patients with severe COPD and chronic hypoxemia.
Nocturnal treatment does not increase survival |
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Term
|
Definition
| give to Respiratory distress syndrome newborns to increase surfactant production. |
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Term
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Definition
| B2 agonist which is short acting |
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Term
|
Definition
| B2 agonist which is long acting |
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Term
|
Definition
| Drawbacks are down regulation, cardiac stimulation, and arg-arg polymorphism of 25% of African Americans. |
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Term
|
Definition
| 3rd line for COPD. Due to being cheap and monitoring is easy it is used a lot. Work through sympathetic nervous system. Crosses BBB and may cause encephalopathy and cardio problems |
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Term
|
Definition
| Work through parasympathetics and are only approved for COPD |
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Term
|
Definition
| NEW, active metabolite of NO, Inhibits PDE4 leading to accumulation of intracellular cAMP causing bronchodilation. Good for Stage 3 and 4 COPD |
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Term
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Definition
| hallmarks of system toxicity include osteoporosis and flushing |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1st line drug for asthma, for acute exacerbations only |
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Term
|
Definition
| Muscarinic antagonist used for Asthma and COPD |
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Term
|
Definition
| Muscarinic antagonist used for COPD only |
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Term
|
Definition
A methylxanthine, these drugs are known for being drugs of abuse. Restricted for use for asthma in US
Inhibits Phosphodiesterase (bronchoconstrictor) and Adenosine receptor (Ach release) |
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|
Term
| Soluble IL-4 receptor (Nuvance)_ |
|
Definition
| Induces bronchodilation by inhibiting the cytokine which activates IgE |
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Term
|
Definition
Relax and dilate bronchial smooth muscle..also facilitate mucociliary transport of secretions thereby promoting expectoration.
Can be short or long acting |
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Term
|
Definition
| Side effects include skeletal muscle tremors, tachycardia/arrythmias, and tolerance |
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Term
| Meaproterenol and Terbutaline |
|
Definition
| B-agonist has long duration of action because it is not metabolized by catechol-o-methyl transferase |
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Term
|
Definition
| Best choice for inhaled B2 agonist, increased beta 2 selectivity over others. For Acute asthma attacks |
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Term
|
Definition
| B2 not for acute attacks. Twice daily administration |
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Term
| Salmeterol + Fluticasone (Advair) |
|
Definition
| A combo of Corticosteroid + B2, not suitible for acute attacks, might cause bronchospasm |
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Term
|
Definition
Life saver for acute attacks, #1
used for status asthmaticus, anaphylaxis, acute bronchospasms.
IV/IM both alpha and beta agonist |
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Term
| Prednisolone/Hydrocortisone |
|
Definition
Maintenance only: directly inhibit DNA, inhibit leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.
Also restore the bronchial smooth muscle to b-agonist |
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Term
|
Definition
| AE include candidas in immunosuppressed. Don't take children off these if it is causing relief |
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Term
|
Definition
| Competitive antagonist of ACh receptor. Does not cross CNS. Best for COPD with psychogenic exacerbations. |
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Term
|
Definition
| AE include xerostomia, but don't have tremors or arrythmias like B-agonists |
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Term
|
Definition
| ACH antagonist for acute or chronic COPD. Inhaled powder form. |
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Term
|
Definition
Include theophyline, aminophylline. also in coffee, tea, and cocoa in small amounts
Inhibit Type 3 and 4 phosphodiesterase, relaxes smooth muscle, and increase diaphragmatic strength
Usually for patients who are not responding to other therapies. |
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Term
|
Definition
AE include
CNS: tremors
GI: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
Cardio- large dose palpitation, arrythmias
Renal- Diuresis |
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Term
|
Definition
Type of mast cell degranulation drugs used as prophylaxis. Takes 15 days to work. Low efficacy.
Inhibit degranulation by inhibiting Ca2+ influx induced by the IgE antibody-antigen complex. This decreases histamine |
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Term
|
Definition
Inhibits 5-LOpoxygenase
May cause increased liver enzymes, mild Headache, and flu like symptoms |
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Term
|
Definition
Leukotriene receptor antagonist.
Damages liver and CYP450 inhibition. NOt acute use |
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Term
|
Definition
Leukotriene receptor antagonist.
Does not inhibit p450s, systemic eosinophilia, vasculitis.
Prophylaxis for exercise and cold induced asthma |
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Term
|
Definition
Monoclonal antibody against IgE and prevents binding to Fc. Prevents early phase of allergic response which is IgE binding to mast cell.
SUBQ and very costly. Patients over the age of 12 |
|
|
Term
| Benzodiazepines, barbituates, and gamma hydroxybutyrate |
|
Definition
| bind to GABA A and B to promote sleep by enhancing the effects of GABA |
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Term
|
Definition
Block histamine release from parietal cells
decrease basal levels of cAMP |
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Term
|
Definition
| decrease acid release from stomach |
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Term
|
Definition
| decrease acidity and may increase mucus secretion by stimulating prostaglandins. They are weak bases whcih react with HCL to form a salt |
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Term
|
Definition
| A surfactant that reduces bubbling caused by CO2 production of antacids. Beneficial in GERD |
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Term
|
Definition
SE include gastic distention, belching, NaCl-may excarebate CHF, HTN, or renal insuf.
type of Antacid |
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Term
|
Definition
slow acting antacid
can cause gastric hypersecreion and acid rebound. NOT a good choice in PUD |
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Term
|
Definition
Antacid, really slow acting,
Cause diarrhea, constipation, when formulated with other compounds it decreases GI sxs.
CI in kidney disease- because absorbed and secreted by kidneys |
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|
Term
Cimetidine
Ranitidine
Famotidine |
|
Definition
| Types of H2 antagonists which have 1st pass metabolism |
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Term
|
Definition
uses include:
PUD (2nd line)
dyspepsia
GERD
bleeding from stress related gastritis (IV) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Type of H2 antagonist which is used for warts |
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Term
|
Definition
inhibits p450 pathway-decreases metabolism of warfarin, theophylline, phenytoin, lidocain, benzodiazapems
Also can cause gynecomastia |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1st line agents for PUD and GERD, bind and irreversibly inhibit Na-K ATPase |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ideal drug, short duration in serum, activated near site of action. Effects are reduced by 50% by food. May require 3-4 days to reach max effectiveness |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most effective for GERD and maintains pH >4 for 12-16 hours. |
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Term
|
Definition
| SE include diarrhea, HA, abd pain only in 1-3% of pts. B12 def, hypergastrinemia, increase risk of hip fractures in older women. |
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Term
|
Definition
| PPI alters absorption of which drugs |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| bind to EP3 receptors on parietal cells and epithelial cells. Reduce secretion from parietal cells and increase mucin and bicarb. Used for patients who use NSAIDS chronically |
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Term
|
Definition
synthetic analog of PGE1, very short halflife, Patients taking NSAIDS that are at high risk for ulcers.
CI in pregnancy |
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Term
|
Definition
| sulfated sucrose with Al(OH)3. binds to erosions and prevents the erosion from being exposed to acidity. Should be taken on empty stomach. Doesn't effect pH |
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|
Term
| Bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismol) |
|
Definition
Coats ulcers and erosions, stimulates Prostaglandins and HCO3, helps to reduce stool frequency. ANTIsecretory action in SI.
Antimicrobial effects against H. pylori, binds enterotoxins (travelers diarrhea) , also PUD and dyspepsia |
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|
Term
PPI or ranitidine 2x/day
Clarithromycin
amoxicillin or Metronidazole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PPI
tetracycline
bismuth
metronidazole |
|
Definition
| H. pylori quad therapy for penicillin allergies |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to clean out a perforated appendix |
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Term
|
Definition
| Non specific beta blocker undergoing extensive 1st pass metabolism |
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Term
|
Definition
Beta 1 specific, small beta 2
slightly more effective than atenolol |
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Term
|
Definition
Beta 1 specific, small beta 2
CI in asthma, fewer SE's than Metaprolol |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B1 blocker and increased NO release |
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Term
|
Definition
B1 blocker and B2 agonist
Intrinsic sympathomimetic agent |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Very short acting B2 agonist |
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Term
|
Definition
| work without inc CO, rate, contractility |
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Term
|
Definition
| Only Ace inhibitors not eliminated in the kidney |
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Term
|
Definition
| AE of dry cough, rashes, hyperkalemia, |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1st ACEi from viper venom |
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Term
|
Definition
| substituted for ACE inhibitors, if pts complain of dry cough, but these are less studied |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| binds to renin. it is a non renin inhibitor |
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Term
|
Definition
| These drugs either reduces contractility or causes vasodilation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Direct cardiac drug, but does have some effect on periphery |
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Term
|
Definition
| works on cardiac and periphery Ca channels, dec ionotropy, cronotropy and causes vasodilation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ca channel blocker Vasodilatory drugs only. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Prototype of Vascular Ca++ channel blocker |
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Term
|
Definition
| selective for cerebral arterioles. Used for Subarachnoid hermorrhages. |
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Term
|
Definition
Antagonize the vasoconstrictor effects of catecholamines and reduce BP by dec both venous and systemic arterioleresistence.
USed for HTN and BPH |
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Term
|
Definition
| These are agonist. They mimic the effect of NE on receptors on presynaptic nerve terminal |
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Term
|
Definition
well used in moderate HTN, and women doesn't have much effect on renal blood flow.
SE of sedation, rebound HTN with withdrawal |
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Term
|
Definition
key choice for hypertensive emergency in pregnant women
can cause positive Coombs test |
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Term
|
Definition
Potent vasodilation. Rarely used except moderatly high HTN.
Causes lupus like syndrome |
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Term
|
Definition
Open K channels causing by hyperpolarization
SE: reflex tachycardia, hypertrichosis (hair growth) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Selective aldosterone receptor antagonist |
|
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Term
|
Definition
When given as PO it is a poison
MEch: NO |
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Term
|
Definition
| Metabolises to cyanide but treated with sodium thiosulfate |
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Term
|
Definition
| alpha and beta blocker. More alpha than beta |
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Term
|
Definition
| alpha and beta blocker. More beta than alpha |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| only diuretic which is filtered |
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Term
|
Definition
| Diuretic type to treat diabetes insipidus |
|
|
Term
| Indapamide and Metolazone (thiazides) |
|
Definition
| what are the only non osmotic diuretics that work w/ renal failure |
|
|
Term
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitor |
|
Definition
| class of diaretic that works at PCT. Stops HCO3 uptake into cell. |
|
|
Term
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor |
|
Definition
| diuretic drug used to fix metabolic alkalosis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to lower glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor |
|
Definition
| Diuretic causing hepatic encephalopathy and parestheies |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| All Carbonic anhydrase drug names end in what: |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Most useful diuretic used in Calcium stones |
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Term
|
Definition
| Diuretics cause reduction in blood volume or vascular resistence by blocking NaCl cotransporter in Distal Convulated tubule \ |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increase uric acid levels and Triglyceride levels |
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Term
|
Definition
| Diuretic used to control hypocalcemia |
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Term
|
Definition
| Diuretic used to control hypercalcemia |
|
|
Term
| Thiazides but Loops through another mech |
|
Definition
| Diuretic causing hyperkalemia by blocking NaCl pump...Aldosterone tries to overcompensate by increasing Na/K pumping K into urine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Diuretic work by inhibiting Na/K/2Cl symporter at thick ascending limb |
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Term
|
Definition
| Diuretic used for pulmonary edema and smooth mm effects |
|
|
Term
Ethacrynic acid - not sulfa so its not cross reactive
Bumetanide
furosemide + saline = manage hypercalcemia
torsemide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Loop Diuretic
Osmotic - filtered
Two thiazides Indapamide and Metolazone |
|
Definition
| All diuretics used in renal failure |
|
|
Term
| Loops (especially ethacrynic acid) Aminoglycosides will make this SE worse |
|
Definition
| What diuretic is used ototoxic |
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Term
|
Definition
| Drug of choice for treating acute pulmonary edema of CHF |
|
|
Term
| Spironolactone and Eplerenone (K sparring) |
|
Definition
Drugs which reduce the binding of aldosterone to its receptor. Used in Conn Syndrome
SE: gynecomastia and irregular menstrations |
|
|
Term
| Amiloride and Triamteren....block Na at collecting tubule w/o depleting K |
|
Definition
| A patient with addisons what potassium sparing drugs do you use |
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Term
|
Definition
| Injected, work at loop of henle/descending....treat acute renal failure or increased intracranial shock, drug toxicities, cerebral edema |
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|
Term
| Mannitol, sorbitol, glycerin, isosorbide, urea |
|
Definition
| Example of Osmotic Diuretics |
|
|
Term
| a-antagonist/clonidine or B/blocker/clonidine |
|
Definition
| negative HTN combo. due to rebound HTN |
|
|
Term
| B-blocker/non dyhydropyridine CaCB |
|
Definition
| Negative HTN combo. bradycardia both slow heart rate |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Long acting nitrate treatment for Isolated systolic HTN (elderly) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antidote for nuclear med test with dipyridamole and adenosine |
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Term
|
Definition
Found in Benecol and buttery spreads
Reduce LDL, no change to HDL/TG |
|
|
Term
| Statins (Pravastatin (cheap) Crestor (expensive)) |
|
Definition
| 1st line treatment for Dyslipidemia |
|
|
Term
| Red yeast Rice (Lovastatin) |
|
Definition
| Fungus on rice is actually to have this statin in it. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Cause GI effects, tx for C. diff, decreases LDL, Increases HDL, TG=no change |
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Term
|
Definition
| Drug with biggest effect on Triglycerides |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Omacor/Lovaza are types of what.
Increase HDL and LDL (good type)
SE: Eructation, dyspepsia, taste perversion |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Type of Dyslipidemia drug which has side effects of gallstones and myopathy |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1st step in treating acute coronary syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Anticholinergic, Lidocaine, antacid |
|
Definition
| cocktail for chest pain with GI origin. 73% people with MI see improvement with this. |
|
|
Term
| Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, Aspirin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used w/ loading doe for ASA intolerant pts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excellent for MI w/in 24 hours. DO NOT USE with uncompensated heart failure (JVD) this will lead to death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Start within first 24 hours for STEMI patients w/anterior infarction, pulonary congestion.
CI of hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which antiarrythmic class of meds reduces chance of death in ACS patients |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| SE include THROBBING HA, postural HTN, FLUSHING, tachycardia, syncope |
|
|
Term
| PDE5 inhibitors (VIagra, cialis) |
|
Definition
| What type of drug is contraindicated with nitrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which Drug is better to use in COPD/Asthma patients CCB or B- blocker |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Which CCB is least associated with AV/SA node abnormalities |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Cardiac Drug which is known to be a partial fatty-acid oxidation (PFOX) inhibitor. Causes heart to change from FA oxidation to glycolysis which uses less Oxygen. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduces absorption of cholesterol at intestinal brush borders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreases hepatic synthesis of VLDL, inhibits lipolysis, TG synthesis in liver, and Decreased VLDL-TG transporter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Activates PPARS (peroxisome proliferator activate receptors) An dyslipidemia drug. |
|
|
Term
Anticoagulation (Coumadin) + Plavix or ASA
OR
Just Plavix and ASA |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Anticoagulation 4 LIFE (coumadin) |
|
Definition
| Mechanical valve treatment |
|
|
Term
| Blood thinners right away |
|
Definition
| If a person has DVT....give |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| new drug to prevent DVT following knee/hip replacement surgery and prevent strokes |
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