Term
The following belong to what class of organisms:
Malaria,
Amebiasis,
Giardiasis,
Trichomoniasis,
Toxoplasmosis? |
|
Definition
| protozoa (single cell organisms) |
|
|
Term
The following belong to what class of organisms: Nematodes (roundworms),
Trematodes (flukes),
Cestodes (tapeworms)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of organisms live on skin or hair shafts, and include Pediculosis (lice) and Scabies (mites)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What it the only drug able to eradicate *tissue* plasmodia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of tx for malaria? |
|
Definition
Suppressive therapy (prophylaxis)–travelers.
Drugs depend on region being visited.
Treatment of acute attack.
Drugs depend on type of malaria identified.
Prevention of relapse (radical cure).
Only after patient leaves endemic area |
|
|
Term
What malaria tx fits the following description:
Used for centuries until replaced by chloroquine during WW II
because of toxicity.
Drug of choice for chloroquine-resistant strains.
Short T 1⁄2 and immediate onset.
Dose: 650 mg TID x 3-7 days.
Used in combination with doxycycline, tetracycine, or clindamycin
for 3 to 7 days depending on region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is *"blackwater fever"*? |
|
Definition
possible hypersensitivity reaction causing
massive hemolysis, hemoglobinemia, and hemoglobinuria- quinine sulfate tx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cinchonism: tinnitus, vertigo, deafness, headache, and dysphoria - adr of quinine sulfate |
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice for severe, life threatening malaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only parenteral antimalarial drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What antimalarial drug fits the following description:
Chemically related to quinine.
For prophylaxis and treatment of chloroquine-resistant
Plasmodia.
T 1⁄2 of 20 days: can give weekly prophylactic dose.
Adverse effects: neuropsychiatric syndrome (depression,
psychosis, and seizures) makes this a 3rdline agent for
treatment.
Drug interactions: quinine and beta-blockers can lead to cardiac
arrest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an alternative for prophylaxis against chloroquine-resistant plasmodia that must be given 100 mg daily 1-2 days before travel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What antimalarial drug is a combination of atovaquoneand and proguanil? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What antimalarial drug fits the following description: 1st line agent for prophylaxis against chloroquine-resistant
Plasmodia.
2ndline agent for treatment of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodia
when unable to use quinine.
Also effective for primary liver stage of P. falciparum.
Give with meals for 3 days.
Adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, rash, and headache? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What antimalarial drug is a combination of pyrimethamine and
sulfadoxine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What antimalarial drug fits the following description:
Folic acid antagonists.
Associated with severe sulfa reactions.
No longer recommended by CDC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some antimalarial drugs for erythrocytic stage? |
|
Definition
| malarone. fansidar. mefloquine. doxycycline. quinidine gluconate. |
|
|
Term
| What is an antimalarial drug for extra-erythrocytic stage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the only antimalarial drug for prevention of relapse from P.
vivaxand P. ovaleinfections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only antimalarial drug that works outside of erythrocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What antimalarial drug involves the following adrs: abdominal cramps, nausea,
*hemolytic anemia*? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why must you screen for g6pd deficiency before administering primaquine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what drugs are individuals w/g6pd deficiency sensitive? |
|
Definition
certain oxidizing
drugs such as primaquine, quinine, sulfonamides, nitrofurantoin,
phenazopyridine, ascorbic acid, and metformin |
|
|
Term
What does g6pd deficiency cause when the following drugs are administered: primaquine, quinine, sulfonamides, nitrofurantoin,
phenazopyridine, ascorbic acid, and metformin? |
|
Definition
low G6PD leads to hemolysis of RBCs by 3rd day of drug therapy
leading to hemolytic anemia |
|
|
Term
| For what illness are poorly absorbed drugs used to treat asymptomatic disease? Some of these drugs include Iodoquinol –take with meals to limit GI toxicity or Paromomycin –an aminoglycoside. What type of drugs are these? |
|
Definition
| luminal amebicies to tx amebiasis |
|
|
Term
| What are the drugs of choice for invasive amebiasis? |
|
Definition
Tissue amebicides–drugs of choice for invasive disease.
Metronidazole (Flagyl) 750mg po tid x 10 days.
Tinidazole (Tindamax) 2 gm po qd x 3 days |
|
|
Term
What drugs are a pregnancy category B for 2nd and 3rd trimesters but
contraindicated during 1st trimester? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug involves the following adrs: nausea, headache, dry mouth, metallic
taste.
Take with food to minimize GI effects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug interacts with the following drugs:
Warfarin –increase in INR (bleeding risk) and
Ethanol –acetaldehyde poisoning resulting in flushing, nausea,
vomiting, and throbbing headache? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug inactivates aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme necessary for
metabolism of acetaldehyde, produced from oxidation of ethanol.
Similar action to disulfiram (Antabuse).
Must caution against drinking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug can be used in a single dose against giardia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What illness fits the following description: Acute and chronic diarrhea secondary to ingestion of infectious agent. Usually infected from contaminated water supply. Treatment: Metronidazole 250mg tid x 7days. Tinidazole –single dose of 2 gm? |
|
Definition
| giardiasis- Giardia lamblia |
|
|
Term
| What illness fits the following description: STD due to infectious agent. Treatment: metronidazole or tinidazole 2 gm x 1 dose? |
|
Definition
| trichomoniasis- Trichomonas vaginalis |
|
|
Term
| What organism causes toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients such as with AIDS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine |
|
|
Term
| What infectious agent fits the following description: Pinworm (enterobiasis). Most common helminthic infection in U.S. Symptoms: perianal itching and inflammation. Also ascariasis (giant round worm), hookworm, whipworm, strongyloidiasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organism is the 2nd leading cause of morbidity from parasitic diseases and involves a snail vector? |
|
Definition
| schistosomiasis (trematodes/flukes) |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 types of trematodes (flukes)? |
|
Definition
| schistosomiasis and liver flukes |
|
|
Term
| What organism infects pork, beef and fish, presents with noodle-like objects in stool, is acquired from ingestion of poorly cooked meat or fish and can be 20-30 feet in length? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug fits the following description:
For nematode infections.
Inhibits microtubule function and depletes glycogen stores
leading to worm death.
Poorly absorbed so little systemic adverse effects.
Given as single 100mg dose and repeated in 2 weeks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do pts need a rx for pyrantel pamoate (antiminth, pin-x)? |
|
Definition
| otc product for nematode infections |
|
|
Term
What medication for nematode infections fits the following description:
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent leading to paralysis
of helminths.
Adverse effects: some GI upset, headache, fever.
Single dose of 11 mg/kg, repeated in 2 weeks? |
|
Definition
| pyrantel pamoate (antiminth, pin-x) |
|
|
Term
What medication for nematode infections fits the following description:
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent leading to paralysis
of helminths.
Adverse effects: some GI upset, headache, fever.
Single dose of 11 mg/kg, repeated in 2 weeks? |
|
Definition
| pyrantel pamoate (antiminth, pin-x) |
|
|
Term
What drug for schistosomiasis, flukes, and tapeworms fits the following description:
Increases cell membrane permeability and eventual
disintegration of parasite.
Adverse effects include malaise, headache,
dizziness, and drowsiness.
Dose 20 mg/kg/dose BID-TID x 1 day.
Patients should be advised to swallow tablets whole
and avoid driving for 2 days.
In a single or divided dose depending on GI tolerance? |
|
Definition
| praziquantel (biltircide) |
|
|
Term
| What are some drugs for helminthic infections? |
|
Definition
| praziquantel (biltricide), mebendazole (vermox), pyrantel pamoate (antiminth, pin-x) |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 ectoparasitic infections? |
|
Definition
| pediculosis (lice infections), scabies (mite infection) |
|
|
Term
What drug is an extract of chrysanthemum flower and is
still used in some combination OTC products
such as RID? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice for lice and scabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug fits the following description:
Can be absorbed and cause neurologic toxicity
including tremor, ataxia, insomnia, and seizures.
Should avoid in young children, during pregnancy,
and with any concurrent skin inflammation that can
lead to increased absorption.
Available as lotion or shampoo.
Less effective than permethrin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is available as a cream and lotion for scabies only? |
|
Definition
|
|
