Term
| Marijuana was introduced to the US in ____ mostly by _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The corruption of the US Narcotics Department began in the 1920s with... |
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Definition
| the prohibiton of alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
| first commissioner for the narcotic department |
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Term
| Harry Anslinger was comissioner of the Narcotics Department for |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| taxed all stages (growth, sales, use) and was associated with immediate reports of decrease in crime |
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Term
| There was an upsurge of Marijuana use in the ____, but use peaked in the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Marijuana is made up of about ____ different complex chemicals |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the psychoactive effects caused by marijuana use are associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| Marijuana has ____, and ____ properties and induces ____, ____, and _____ affects |
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Definition
stimulant, sedative
perceptual, cognitive, psychosocial |
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Term
| Smoking marijuana vaporizes the THC, which enters the ___ through the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| A rapid rise in plasma concntration means that marijuana's effects peak in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Marijuana has a half life of ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Marijuana is detectable in urine/feces for ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Other animals show a clear ____ and _____ tolerance to THC |
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Definition
pharmacodynamic
drug dispositional |
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Term
| Experience marijuana users show high ____ tolerance, but also report more intense highs than beginning users. |
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Definition
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Term
| There is no classic ____ associated with marijuana |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms of Human Abstinence Syndrome for Marijuana |
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Definition
restlessness
irritability
agitation
insomnia
dysphoria |
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Term
| Dependence research on Marijuana in animals shows abstinence like symptoms such as... |
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Definition
wet dog shakes
facial rubbing
scratching
grooming |
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Term
| The majority of research on marijuana use is done on ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Marijuana users, unlike users of other drugs, must ____ and then _____ |
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Definition
learn to use
label and recognize the effects as pleasant |
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Term
| Acute behavioral effect of marijuana use (8) |
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Definition
euphoria
relaxation
impaired cog. function
short-term memory defecits
changes in speaking
decreased attention/viglance
amotivational syndrome
panic |
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Term
| Research of the effect of long term use of marijuana are inadequate, though there are concerns about (4) |
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Definition
respiratory effects
immune system response suppression
reproductive system effects
fetal effects |
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Term
| Correlation for heavy use of marijuana include (5) |
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Definition
heavy use by peers
poor academic performance
delinquent behaviors
problems with authority
low self-esteem |
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Term
| Risk factors for marijuana use (6) |
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Definition
rebelliosness
dislike for authority
alienation
increased individual values, decreased achievement
early use of alcohol/tobacco
peer use |
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Term
| Three physiological responses to marijuana |
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Definition
increased heart rate
decreased saliva flow
red eye |
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Term
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Definition
| Canadian report that recommended legalized possession of marijuana |
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Term
| In 1973 ____ decriminalized marijuana |
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Definition
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Term
| President ____ called for federal decriminalization of marijuana |
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Definition
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Term
| During the ____ administration, legislative attitudes about marijuana became more negative, less tolerant. |
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Definition
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Term
| Zero Tolerance laws from ____ meant that all drug offenders received jail time. |
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Definition
| 1988, Reagan administration |
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Term
| Therapeutic Effects of THC (3) |
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Definition
pain relief
nausea relief
appetite stimulation |
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Term
| Many of the negative side effects of marijuana use are due to a _____ |
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Definition
| harmful delivery system: smoking |
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Term
| There is no evidence that marijuana is a _____ drug |
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Definition
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Term
| Most hallucinogen use centered around ____ |
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Definition
| mystical or religious experiences |
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Term
| The four "stages" of a psychodelic trip are (not everyone reaches the last stage) |
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Definition
sensory effects
recollective
symbolic
integral |
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Term
| Sensory Effect (hallucinogens) (4) |
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Definition
altered perception
altered sensation
altered mood
synesthesia |
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Term
| Recollective stage of Hallucinogens |
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Definition
| Depersonalization and ego disruption occurs, the user label the experience as good or bad. |
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Term
| Symbolic Stage of hallucinogens |
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Definition
| Effects can be overpowering/psychosis-producing, predominately legendary, mythical, tirualistic, and archetypal. |
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Term
| Integral Stage of hallucinogens |
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Definition
| involves confrontations with "God" |
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Term
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Definition
| Invented LSD while trying to make a synthetic replica of the ergot mold |
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Term
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Definition
| English writer, mescaline user |
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Term
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Definition
| studied consciousness at Harvard |
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Term
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Definition
| Merry Pranksters bus trip |
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Term
| Indolamines (hallucinogens that effect serotonin) (5) |
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Definition
LSD
psilocybin
morning glory seeds
amanita muscara
DMT |
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Term
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Definition
| an antangonist for 5-HT2A (most involved serotonin receptor for hallucinogens) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Catacholaminergics have a ______ with indolamines |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticholinergics (description and 2 types) |
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Definition
not used recreationally deu to their negative side effects (less visuals, more nausea)
pcp
ketamine |
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Term
| Due to massive down regulation of serotonin receptors, indolamines develop ____ rapidly |
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Definition
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Term
| There is ____ of physiological dependence on hallucinogens |
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Definition
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Term
| Dependence on hallucinogens is uncommon because both ritualistic and recereational users show ______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The native american church of north america uses peyote in a highly contorlled setting for ritualistic/religious purposes |
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Term
| In Nazi concentration camps, hallucinogens were used to ____ of prisoners |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The US govt wanted to use LSD as a weapon in the military so they sent this guy out to Switzerland to buy their entire "bank" of LSD (2oz). This was not enough so they commissioned theresearch of ELI Lily, who created a cheap easy recipe which was leaked to the public and spread. |
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Term
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Definition
| created a cheap easy recipe for LSD that used no fungus and made mass production simple. |
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Term
| LSD was tested as a ___, ___, and ___ by the CIA |
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Definition
truth serum
weapon
treatment for drug addiction |
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Term
| As a truth drug, LSD was unsuccessful because... |
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Definition
| people would give up private information, but the interviewers were unable to get the correct information out of them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Army Chemical Core would "trip" people, and see what these people would do |
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Term
| LSD had the fastest _____ of any drug class ever |
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Definition
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Term
| LSD as a treatment for alcohol...findings |
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Definition
| drinking decreased during treatment, relapse ratesw ere consistent with normal rehab, LSD use was no reported recreationally following treatment |
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Term
| LSD as a treatment for terminal patients |
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Definition
| helped with depression, acceptance of death, and provided some analgesia. |
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Term
| LSD is used in general therapy to treat (3) |
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Definition
mood disorders
anziety
depression |
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Term
| Cohen (1960) found that there are ______, immediate effects include ____, and there were no ____. |
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Definition
no medical or physiological problems
fear, panic, unmanageableness
long term effects |
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Term
| ____% of people will suffer symptoms of depression at some time |
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Definition
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Term
| Lifetime risks for major depression are ____ for women (___) than men (____) |
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Definition
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Term
| The monoamine theory arose from early observations of ______ treatment of hypertension |
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Definition
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Term
| Too little ____ leads to depression |
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Definition
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Term
| MAO-Is as depression treatment |
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Definition
| 2 week lag followed by down reg of receptors and up reg of 2nd messengers |
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Term
| Side effects of MAO-I use are severe (6) |
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Definition
increased blood pressure
sleep disturbances
overeating
weight gain
danger of OTC mixing
toxiticity from cheese, meat, pickles, etc. |
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Term
| Tricyclic anti-depressants block reuptake of ___ and ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Tricyclic antidepressant have a lag of ___ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| block reuptake at serotonin and norepinephrine transporter proteins, safer than tricyclics |
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Term
| Drug treatments for major depression (5) |
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Definition
MAO-I
Tricyclic Anti-depressant
SSRI
Dual NE/5-HT modulators
Electroconvulsive Therapy |
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Term
| Becasue there are _______ involved, there is no simple mechanism for treating depression |
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Definition
| multiple neurotransmitters |
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Term
| Antidepressant are effective ____ of the time |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical limitations of antidepressants (4) |
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Definition
efficacy is low
side effects are serious/toxic
personal and social disruptions
long-term maintenance issues |
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Term
| Three Animal Models of Depression |
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Definition
resperine-induces sedation
behavioral despair
maternal seperation |
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Term
| The depression involved in Bipolar Disorder is _____ major or reactive depression |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is the treatment of choice for Bipolar Depression |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
toxic, so blood must be monitered regularly
clinically effective |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulate CB1 and CB2, manufactured on demand, retrograde messenger |
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Term
| How endocannabinoids work (???) |
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Definition
| 3 cells are involved. When cell 1 releases Ca2+, endocannabinoids are released by cell 2 as a response. These ednos then attach to the endfoot of cell 3 (GABA), causing G protein to be stimulated, inhibiting Ca2+ channels. After initial, future GABA release is inhibited, so there is less Ca2+ to trigger exocytosis. |
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Term
| Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis |
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Definition
| explanation of how stress is involved with depression |
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Term
| The lag period for anti-depressants exists because at first two of the drugs effects... |
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Definition
| act against one another, canceling eachother out. |
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Term
| The lag period for anti-depressants comes to an end after two to four weeks becasue... |
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Definition
| tolerance is developed to one of the two effects. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
^MAO=_____
MAO-I= ____ MAO
____ MAO = bad reuptake = ^_____ |
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Definition
good reuptake
less
less
neurotransmitter |
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