Term
|
Definition
| alterations in physiological or psychological functions |
|
|
Term
| Oral administration is the __________ route of administration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intravenous injection (what it is and why people would use it) |
|
Definition
injecting the agent directly into the blood stream.
it is the most rapid and accurate method of administration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs that alter thought, emotion, or behavior, and achieve their effects via the brain. |
|
|
Term
| Routes of administration (6) |
|
Definition
inhilation
intravenous
intramuscular
subcutaneous
oral
other (transdermal, epidural, intracranial, or intracerebral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the concentration of drug at its site of action because only freely circulating drug can pass across membranes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complex chemical and physical filters that allow only lipid soluble and some small molecules past. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of time needed for removal of 50% of the drug in the blood |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 basic types of receptors? |
|
Definition
1. cell membrane proteins that bind molecules and trigger intracelular changes.
2. within the cell, bind steroids and trigger protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any molecule that binds to a receptor with some selectivity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bind to a particular receptor protein to initiate a cellular response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produce no cellular effects after binding, but by binding to a receptor they prevent and "active" ligand from binding (black the receptor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describes the amount of biological or behavioral effect for a given drug concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smallest dose that produces a measureable effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dose at which the drug is effective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dose at which undesired effects are present |
|
|
Term
| The absolute amount of a drug needed to produce a specific effect indicates the drug's ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diminished response to drug administration after repeated exposure to that drug. |
|
|
Term
| What three types of tolerance did we discuss in class? |
|
Definition
drug-dispositional
pharmacodynamic
behavioral |
|
|
Term
| drug-dispositional tolerance |
|
Definition
| reduced amount of drug in the tissue due to increased metabolism |
|
|
Term
| pharmacodynamic tolerance |
|
Definition
| changes in nerve cell function compensate for the continued presence of a drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tolerance occurs in the environment in which the drug is normally taken but this tolerance is not present in a novel situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the enhancement of particular drug effects following repeated administration of the same dose of a drug. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases heart rate and blood pressure, stimulates adrenaline secretion, and increases blood flow to skeletal muscles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases salivation, digestion, and storage of glucose and other nutrients, as well as slowing heart rate and decreased respiration. |
|
|
Term
| the principle function of neurons is to transmit information in the form of ________ over long distances |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treelike projections from the soma that receive information from other cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a single tubular extension that conducts electrical signal from the body to the terminal bouton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each neuron receives and integrates a large amount of information from many cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| information integrated by one neuron can be transmitted to a many other neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at the end of axons, small enlargements that provide the capacity for chemical transmission of information into the synapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| poins along the axon where there is a break in the myelin, allowing action potential regeneration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein molecules that penetrate through the cell membrane and have a water-filled pore through which the ion can attach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a force to equalize the amount or concentration of material across a biological barrier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapid change in membrane potential that is propogated down the axon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____polarization is excitatory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____polarization is inhibitory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| somatic system controls... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| autonomic nervous system controls... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| signals going into the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 steps in classic synaptic signaling |
|
Definition
1. an action potential triggers events that release a neurotransmitter from the presynaptic bouton into the synapse
2. the neurotransmitter binds to a postsynaptic surface.
3. local electrical potentials are triggered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| instances in which transport out of the synaptic cleft is accomplished by the same cell that released the transmitter |
|
|
Term
| 3 Classical Neurotransmitters |
|
Definition
amino acids
monoamines
acetylcholine |
|
|
Term
| 3 Non-Classical Neurotransmitters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Monoamines have two families: |
|
Definition
catecholamines
indolamines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nicotine effects both the _____ and _____ systems within the ANS |
|
Definition
sympathetic (increses heartrate)
parasympathetic (relaxes muscles) |
|
|
Term
| nicotine abstinence syndrome |
|
Definition
| combinations of withdrawal symptoms. |
|
|
Term
| some nicotine withdrawal symptoms include...(4) |
|
Definition
jitters
poor mood
headache
stress |
|
|
Term
| nicotine use _____ one's attention. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| caffeine is the _____ _____ used stimulant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| low doses of caffeine produce...(4) |
|
Definition
1. increased alertness/attention
2. increased activity
3. increased sociability
4. increased mood |
|
|
Term
| caffeine's effects peak at __minutes in the blood and __minutes in the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the half-life of caffeine is ___ hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mesolimbic _______ Reward System |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cocaine is an _____ for dopamine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nicotine is an ______ for acetylcholine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the cell reaches its ______ an Action Potential begins in the ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Action potentials _________ to the end of the axon as a result of a chain reaction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurotransmitter binds to receptor but a response does not occur until protein synthesis (or some other chain of events) occurs |
|
|
Term
| Potassium is _____ and there is more of it _____ the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sodium is _____ and there is more of it _______ the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chlorine is _____ and there is more of it ____ the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcium is _____ and there is more of it _____ the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chlorine _____ action potentials |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcium channels are ____ gated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dopamine
norepinephrine
serotonin |
|
|
Term
| MAO is involved in the synthesis and deactivation of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chlorpromazine is an ______ for dopamine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tricyclic antidepressants are _______ for norepinephrine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SSRI are ____ for serotonin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| benzodiazepines are ______ for GABA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| opiates are ____ for endorphins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| naloxone is an ______ for endorphins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is weird and belongs in a class by itself |
|
|
Term
| glycine opens the receptor for _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
