Term
What is opium?
Where does it come from? |
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Definition
-dried sap produced from poppy plant
-opium poppy is native to the middle east, near areas that border the Mediterranean sea |
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Term
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Definition
| pain relief produced without a loss of consciousness |
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Term
| relation b/w opium, morphine, heroin, and codeine |
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Definition
opium- from the poppy
morphine- from opium
codeine- from opium
heroin- from morphine |
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Term
| what was soldiers disease? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a short-acting antagonist |
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Term
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Definition
-endorphins are part of a natural pain-relief system
-endorphins are released and produce analgesia or pain relief after certain kinds of pain or stress |
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Term
| Physical effects of opiate drugs |
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Definition
-depression of HR, BP, and respiratory rate
-lowered body temperature
-constriction of the pupils "pinpoint pupils"
-nausea and vomiting
-constipation |
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Term
| Psychological effects of opiate drugs |
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Definition
-sexual disinterest(impotence in men)
-impaired social interaction
-dreamlike vivid experiences
-drowsiness, body warmth, and heavy feelings of the limbs
-impairments in learning and memory
-may produce cognitive impairments |
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Term
| How does motivation to use opiates change with chronic use? |
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Definition
-tolerance develops to opiates, so their effects are diminished unless the user escalates the dose
-repeated use is initially motivated by a desire to re-experience the pleasant rush associated with taking the drug
-addicts continue to use the drug to avoid the unpleasant feelings of abstinence |
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Term
| main symptoms of opiate abstinence syndrome |
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Definition
-runny nose/ sneezing/ tearing
-pain
-fever/ chills/ piloerection (goosebumps)
-nausea-diarrhea
-spastic movements in legs/arms
-spontaneous erection/ orgasm |
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Term
| Significance of heroin addiction epidemic that failed to occur in the 1970s |
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Definition
-the radical change in Vietname to the United States cannot be duplicated in the typical treatment setting.
-Environmental and psychological factors associated with Vietnam were apparently responsible for the development of dependence |
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Term
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Definition
| marijuana, a hemp plant that grows freely throughout the world |
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Term
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Definition
-Did not officially ban marijuana
-acknowledged the medicinal uses of marijuana and permitted the prescription of marijuana following payment of a license fee of $1 per year
-Any other sale or possession of marijuana was illegal
-punishments for violation were a $2000 fine, five years imprisonment, or both |
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Term
| Conclusions of the LaGuardia commission on marijuana |
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Definition
-marijuana use was not particularly harmful to users or society
- failed to find evidence for the claim that aggression, violence, and belligerence were common consequences for marijuana smoking |
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Term
| More recent commission about marijuana |
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Definition
-recommend amendments to existing law to allow compassionate medical access to cannabis and its derivatives
-recommend a system through which licensed individuals would produce and sell cannabis
-recommend the government of Canada declare an amnesty for any person convicted of possession of cannabis under current or past legislation |
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Term
| What trends may be observed in surveys of marijuana use? |
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Definition
-trends in the prevalence of lifetime use, annual use, and current use of marijuana or hashish among Americans aged 12 and over
-Trends in the current use of marijuana or hashish for different age groups
-Trends in the prevalence of marijuana or hashish among high school seniors
-Marijuana use by gender
-Marijuana use by race/ethnicity
-Marijuana use by frequency |
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Term
| Is marijuana a gateway drug? |
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Definition
-not everyone who uses marijuana will subsequently use other illicit drugs
-people who start using marijuana after previously using alcohol typically do not stop using alcohol |
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Term
| What are the active ingredients in marijuana? |
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Definition
-Cannabinoids
-->THC(Tetrahydrocannabibol)
-hash oil |
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Term
| What are some factors that determine the absorption of THC |
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Definition
-mode of consumption
-potency of the cannabis being smoked
-amount of time the inhaled smoke is held in the lungs
-number of people who share the cigarette |
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Term
| How long do metabolites of THC remain detectible? |
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Definition
-some can be detected in the body at least 30 days following ingestion of a single dose
-in urine for several weeks following chronic use |
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Term
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Definition
| -a lipid neurotransmitter mimicked by marijuana |
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Term
| What about tolerance and dependence to THC? |
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Definition
- tolerance is more likely to occur with higher doses over longer periods of times
-aspects of physical dependence, are most likely to be associated with sustained heavy use of marijuana |
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Term
| Possible medical uses of marijuana |
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Definition
1.Cancer- used to counter nausea and vomiting associated with chemo therapies
2.Cachexia- increases frequency and amount of eating, stimulates appetite, and stimulates weight gain
3.Glaucoma- decreases intraocular pressure |
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Term
| acute physiological effects of marijuana |
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Definition
-bloodshot eyes
-increase in heart rate
-decrease in motor activity
-drowsiness
-dry mouth
-thirst
-fluctuations in respiration and body temp
-hunger
-nausea
-headache/dizziness |
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Term
| long term effects of marijuana use |
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Definition
-possible irreversible lung damage
-acute effects produced are dangerous among people who have existing cardiovascular problems
-decrease in # of sperm and sperm motility in men
-nonovulatory menstrual cycles
-may be linked to various respiratory disorders, including cancer |
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Term
| behavioral/cognitive effects of marijuana |
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Definition
-increased psycho motor activity
-happy feelings and relaxation
-impaired short-term memory
-altered time perception |
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Term
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Definition
-loss of effectiveness and reduced capacity to accomplish conventional goals as a result of chronic marijuana use
-both pre existing personality characteristics and drug effects probably account for what has been labeled as amotivational syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| -marijuana is soaked in embalming fluid or formaldehyde, and dried before smoking |
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Term
| what are the serotenergic hallucinogens? |
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Definition
-LSD
-Psilocybin
-Mescaline |
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Term
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Definition
| from mushrooms of the psilocybe genus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How were the hallucinogenic properties of LSD discovered? |
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Definition
- Swiss chemist Albert Hoffman spilled small amount of LSD on his hand, where it was absorbed
-became the first person to experience hallucinogenic effects of LSD |
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Term
| How was LSD popularized by Leary and Kesey? |
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Definition
-Leary had taken LSD and become convinced of its psychological and spiritual value
-Keseys "acid tests" were large parties where hundreds of people used LSD
(LSD began to make an impact on hippie sub culture, through music groups like jimi hendrix, grateful dead, and the beatels |
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Term
| What about tolerance and cross tolerance of LSD |
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Definition
-tolerance develops rapidly, and the same is true for mescaline
-cross-tolerance between LSD, mescaline, and other drugs of this class, suggesting a similar mechanism of action |
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Term
| How does LSD differ from other serotenergic hallucinogens? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the LSD experience similar to schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| hallucinations, unusual affective reactions, and loss of reality contact are characteristics of both schizophrenia and hallucinogenic experiences |
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Term
| How are LSD experience and schizophrenia experience different? |
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Definition
LSD- experiences are mostly visual
Schizo- experiences are mostly auditory |
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Term
| What about LSD and psychotherapy? |
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Definition
| -therapist would be able to learn important information when their patients were using LSD and the patients would be able to gain insight into their condition because LSD could break down ego defenses |
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Term
| physiological effects of serotenergic hallucinogens |
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Definition
-pupil dilation
-increased HR and BP
-increased body temp
-increased sweating |
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Term
psychological effects of serotenergic hallucinogens
What is synthenasia? |
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Definition
-profound changes in visual perception/ form constants (spiral explosions, vortex patterns, lattice patterns)
-flashing lights, increased brightness and saturation of colors, trails or plumes around objects, and the sense of movement in stable objects
-an effect sometimes produced by hallucinogens that is characterized by the perception of a stimulus in a modality other than the one in which it was presented |
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