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Definition
First monoclonal antibody approved as a drug for humans
Immunosuppressant given to reduce acute rejection of organ transplants
- Anti-CD3 (T-cell marker), part of T cell antigen receptor complex.
- Antibody blocks recognition of foreign antigen
- As a mouse protein, this will mount an immune response; possible anaphylaxis |
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Definition
Chimeric monoclonal against CD20
- Molecule found on all B cells, but not plasma cells.
- Leads to destruction of B cells
* Used in treatment of many lymphomas, leukemias, transplant rejection and certain autoimmune disorders
-Also used in clinical situations where there are dysfunctional B cells or an overabundance of B cells.
* Useful for treatment of RA
*Adverse effects: death and disability, tumor lysis sydrome causing acute renal failure. Increased extracellular phosphate and calcium buildup in kidney |
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Definition
Chimeric monoclonal against TNF
- major proinflammatory cytokine produced by macropahages and many other cell types
-Treatment of psoriasis, RA, ulcerative colitis & crohn's disease
* Binds to TNF in solution & cell surfaces
- Ulcerative colitis; TH2-mediated disease
* little benefit: 45 vs 21 percent |
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Term
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Definition
Humanized monoclonal against adhesion molecule, adhesion molecule alpha 4 integrin. Cells not getting through BBB or to destination in general
* Prevents transfer of inflammatory cells across barriers.
*Protein in MS and Crohn's disease
*Adverse: anaphylxis and exacerbation of crohn's |
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Term
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Definition
Humanized monoclonal antibody against IgE
- Inhibits binding of IgE antibody to high affinity Fc receptors on mast cells and basophils
- Epitope overlaps site that binds to Fc receptor; cannot cross-link IgE
- For patients with moderate to sever allergic asthma
- Used for patients whose asthma does not respond to high dose corticosteroids. |
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Definition
Non-Monoclonal
-Signals to innate arm of immune system through TLR7
* Involved in pathogen recognition
* Cells activated via TLR7 secrete cytokines
* Shown to activate Langerhans cells, which migrate to lymph nodes and activate adaptive immunity
*Cream applied to skin to treat skin cancers |
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Definition
Non-Monoclonal
- Soluble fusion of protein TNFalpha receptor and IgG Fc receptor
- Acts as decoy receptor for TNFalpha; no activation of cells
*reduces inflammatory effect of this cytokine
* Mimics naturally occuring soluble TNF receptors |
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Definition
Non-monoclonal
- Immunosuppressant used in organ transplants
- Binds to immunophilin (cyclophilin) of immunocompetent T cells.
* Complex inhibits calcineurin; essential for activating IL-2 |
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Term
| Interferon beta-1a (Avonex) |
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Definition
-Component of innate immune system
* Balances expression of pro and anti inflammatory agents in brain
- Leading MS therapy
* Used to treat relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis
-Treatment slows progression of disability and reduces rate or relapses 18-38%
- Side effects are flu-like symptoms after administration and injection site reactions |
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Term
| Glutairamer acetate (COP-1) |
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Definition
- Another treatment for relapsing/remitting MS
-Random copolymer of four amino acids found in myelin basic protein, glutamic acid, lysine, alanine and tyrosine
-MoA not known; may act as decoy for immune system
-Clinical trials show reduction in number and severity of exacerbations of disease |
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