Term
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Definition
| a substance that alters the physiology of the body, but is not a food or a nutrient |
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Term
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Definition
| Body does not create the substance- a drug |
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Definition
| Body creates the substance- a neurotransmitter, for example |
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Term
| Intentions of using drugs |
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Definition
| getting high (addiction) or treating a disorder (medical), instead of consuming for taste or sustenance |
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| Three different names for any given drug |
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Definition
| Chemical name, generic name, trade name, occasionally street name |
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Definition
| jargon of chemists, describes molecule |
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Definition
| conventions for naming (certain types of drugs have a sound that is incorporated in to specific drug names) |
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Definition
| formulation produced by drug company; capitalized. different formulations of the same drug have different given names |
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Term
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Definition
| other ingredients in a pill or capsule- fillers, coloring agents, binding agents, coatings |
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Term
| Dose Response Curves (DRC) |
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Definition
| Systematic description of magnitude of effect as a function of dose |
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Term
| Graded Dose Response Curve (DRC) |
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Definition
| DRC that shows effect on a continuous scale (e.g. activity counts). Intensity varies with dose up to maximal level. A DRC for a continuous variable that is being measured. |
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Definition
| A DRC that depicts a dichotomous effect (alive or dead). Performed on populations of subjects. The % of individuals showing the dichotomous effect at each dose is plotted. |
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Definition
| Dose that produces therapeutic effect in 50% of individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| Dose that will be lethal in 50% of individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| Ratio of LD50 to ED50 doses. ()=LD50/ED50. The larger the ratio, the safer the drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| the lower the dose that produces ED50, the more ___ a drug is. DRC will be lower on the x axis |
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Term
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Definition
| The drug that produces a greater maximal effect. Will be higher on the y axis of a DRC, given the dose amount, when comparing 2 drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| One drug lessens the effect of another. Would shift DRC to the right, making the ED50 larger and diminishing the drug's potency. |
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Term
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Definition
| Drug that competes with another drug, fights for the same receptors and shifts DRC to the right |
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Term
| Noncompetitive Antagonist |
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Definition
| Drug that binds irreversibly to a receptor, inactivating it. Nerve gases do this. Shifts DRC to the right AND reduces efficacy of other drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 drugs have a combined effect that is the sum of their individual effects |
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Term
| Synergistic or potentiation effect |
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Definition
| The combined effect of two drugs in greater than the sum of their individual effects. (ex. barbituates and alcohol leading to accelerated fatality) |
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Term
| parenteral administration |
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Definition
| injecting a drug into the body |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of parenteral administration, injecting into a vein. creates rapid onset of effect (~1 min distribution) |
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Definition
| a form of parenteral administration, injecting into the abdomen |
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Definition
| a form of parenteral administration, injecting into a large muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| Injecting beneath the skin (epidermis). |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny vessels through which blood flows in tissues. Water soluble drugs enter blood through pores, lipid soluble drugs dissolve through the tissue wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| When drugs and other substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration in an attempt to equalize the concentration levels |
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Term
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Definition
| lipid soluble drugs dissolved in a viscous oil and injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Drug diffuses into blood from oil over a longer period of time. |
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Term
| Enteral system, its 3 routes of drug administration |
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Definition
| oral (p.o.), sublingual and rectal |
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Term
| Oral Administration (P.O.) |
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Definition
| Drug passes through stomach into intestines where it is absorbed |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which drugs, etc, can pass through cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| Made up of 2 layers of lipid molecules sitting side by side- hydrophobic tails pointing inwards, as the charged, hydrophilic heads point outward |
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Term
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Definition
| A charged drug molecule- not lipid soluble and thus can't pass through cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| lipid soluble, can pass through membranes |
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Definition
| depends on the percentage of drug molecules that are in an non-ionized state in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| pH of a solution in which 50% of drug molecules will be ionized, and 50% will be non ionized. |
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Definition
| administering a drug in the form of a gas, breathed in |
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