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Drugs and Disease Exam
Exam
139
Science
11th Grade
12/13/2011

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Cards

Term
What are the 5 painkillers we studied?
Definition
Aspirin, Bufferin, Excedrin, Ibuprofen, and Acetaminophen
Term
Which Painkillers are most acidic? (2)
Definition
aspirin or excedrin
Term
Which painkillers are least acidic? (2)
Definition
Ibuprofen and bufferin
Term
What does a Ferric Nitrate Test Test for?
Definition
Phenol Groups
Term
Which painkillers tested positive for a phenol group? (3)
Definition
acetaminophen, excedrin, and bufferin
Term
Which painkillers tested Negative for a phenol group?
Definition
aspirin and ibuprofen
Term
What were the two antacids we studied?
Definition
Tums and Alkaseltzer
Term
What is the most basic antacid?
Definition
Tums
Term
Which antacid tested positive in the Ferric Nitrate test and why?
Definition
Alkaseltzer because of its aspirin content.
Term
What is Tuberculosis Caused by?
Definition
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Term
How many main strands are there of tuberculosis and which is the most common?
Definition
There are 4 main strands of tuberculosis and the most common is Africanum.
Term
How is Tuberculosis transmitted?
Definition
It has to be active and it is transmitted through aerosol droplets from a cough or sneeze
Term
What are some symptoms of tuberculosis?
Definition
coughing up blood, fatigue, loss of appetite, chest pain, enlarged lymph nodes.
Term
What are tests that detect Tuberculosis? (3)
Definition
biopsy, tuberculin skin test, or a chest x-ray.
Term
How is tuberculosis treated?
Definition
You can be sent to a sanitorium or given streptomycin.
Term
How is yellow fever transmitted?
Definition
through the bite of a mosquito
Term
Why is yellow fever called, "yellow fever"?
Definition
It is called yellow fever because it causes liver failure which causes jaundice or yellowing of the skin.
Term
Where is yellow fever mostly found?
Definition
It is found in the tropical parts of African and some areas in South America
Term
What are some symptoms of Yellow Fever?
Definition
High fever, chills, headache, vomitting, and after a longer period of time possible liver or kidney failure.
Term
What is the treatment for yellow fever?
Definition
there is not an exact treatment but naproxen, fluids, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen are commonly used.
Term
Where is Naegleria Fowleri found?
Definition
In lakes and other large bodies of water.
Term
N. Fowleri infects the human body through what way of entry?
Definition
The nose
Term
How long since you've had N. Fowleri are you expected to die?
Definition
12 days
Term
Why aren't there any tests for N. Fowleri?
Definition
It is too short of a time span to be able to take a test and get result.
Term
What is Mycetoma?
Definition
A bacterial or fungal infection of the skin.
Term
Which is the most common cause of mycetoma: Bacterial or Fungal?
Definition
Bacterial
Term
What is bacterial mycetoma called?
Definition
Actinomycetoma
Term
What is fungal mycetoma called?
Definition
Eumycetoma
Term
What are some symptoms of mycetoma?
Definition
Tumorous nodules that discharge an oily pus or granules.
Term
How is bacterial mycetoma detected and how is fungal mycetoma detected?
Definition
Bacterial mycetoma is detected because of their lighter color granules, where fungal mycetoma is detected because of darker colored granules.
Term
How do you treat mycetoma?
Definition
Antifungal medication, most more often amputations or surgery of some sort
Term
What causes mad cow disease?
Definition
Infectious proteins called prions
Term
How do you get mad cow disease?
Definition
You eat infected cow meat
Term
What are some symptoms of mad cow disease?
Definition
change in personality or madness, severe muscle jerks, troubles moving.
Term
Which disease is commonly confused with Alzehimers and Huntingtons disease?
Definition
Mad Cow Disease
Term
Why is Mad Cow disease incurable?
Definition
Because Prions are incurable.
Term
How do you become infected with Rabies?
Definition
You are bitten by an infected host and the saliva from the bite enters the blood and travels to the brain.
Term
What are symptoms of rabies?
Definition
fever, insomnia, confusion, slight paralysis, foaming at the mouth.
Term
When testing for Rabies, what do DFA tests look for?
Definition
DFA tests look for the presence of antigens in the brain.
Term
What is the Rabies Vaccine called?
Definition
Rabavert
Term
Bacteriology: List from largest to smallest. (7)
Definition
Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes, Viruses, Proteins, Small Molecules, Atoms
Term
Where are bacteria able to thrive?
Definition
Everywhere, including places very acidic, hot, salty, and cold
Term
how do bacteria propel themselves?
Definition
By use of flagella
Term
What is taxis?
Definition
The ability to move toward or away from certain stimuli
Term
How do bacteria reproduce?
Definition
Through Binary fission.
Term
Explain binary fission:
Definition
when a chromosome goes through DNA replication, then chromosome segregation, cytokinesis, then you have two new cells.
Term
Which has a large pepridoglycan layer? (Gram Positive or Gram Negative)
Definition
Gram Positive
Term
Which has an outer membrane and a pepridoglycan layer?
Definition
Gram Negative
Term
Obligate Aerobe:
Definition
requires oxygen
Term
Faculative Anaerobe:
Definition
Can live with or without oxygen
Term
Obligate Anaerobe:
Definition
are poisoned by oxygen
Term
Where do phototrophs get their energy?
Definition
Sunlight
Term
Where do lithotrophs get their energy?
Definition
Inorganic Compounds
Term
Where do organotrophs get their energy?
Definition
Organic Compounds
Term
Where to phototrophs, specifically photoheterotrophs, get their source of carbon?
Definition
Organic Compounds
Term
Where do phototrophs, specifically, photoautotrophs get their carbon?
Definition
Carbon Fixation
Term
Where do lithotrophs, specifically lithoheterotrophs, get their carbon?
Definition
Organic Compounds
Term
where do lithotrophs, specifically lithoautotrohps, get their source of carbon?
Definition
Carbon Fixation
Term
Where do organotrophs, specifically chemoheterotrophs get their carbon?
Definition
Organic Compounds
Term
Where do organotrophs, specifically chemoautotrophs, get their carbon?
Definition
Carbon Fixation
Term
What is a virus?
Definition
A very small infectious particle consisting of nucleic acid
Term
Where is the one place that viruses can reproduce?
Definition
Inside the host cells
Term
Viruses consist of:
Definition
either double stranded DNA or double stranded RNA
Term
Describe the Lytic Cycle:
Definition
The Lytic Cycle produces new phages and digests the host cells wall, releasing the progeny virus
Term
Describe the Lysogenic Cycle:
Definition
This cycle replicates the genome without destroying the host cell.
Term
What is a prophage?
Definition
the viral DNA that is incorporated in the host cell's DNA
Term
What is a temperate Phage?
Definition
A phage that uses both cycles.
Term
What does a gram stain check for?
Definition
Whether bacteria is gram positive or gram negative
Term
In order for it to be a pathogenic bacteria, it has to be able to: (4)
Definition
Invade the host, resist internal defenses, harm the host, and prohibit growth.
Term
What is the Causative agent of the Bubonic plague?
Definition
yersinia pestis
Term
How do you become infected with the Bubonic plague?
Definition
a flea bites someone and regurgitates the bacteria into someones blood
Term
What is the causative agent of strep throat?
Definition
streptococcal pyrogens
Term
Symptoms of strep throat?
Definition
severe sore throat, inflamed tonsils
Term
How do you diagnose strep throat?
Definition
rapid strep test, throat culture on blood agar plates
Term
What is the rapid strep test specifically testing for?
Definition
Carbohydrates
Term
how do you treat strep throat? What if the person is allergic to the main treatment?
Definition
Treat with penicillin, if they are allergic treat with cephalosporins
Term
What did Alexander Fleming do?
Definition
noticed that around a growing region of mold, no staphyloccocus grew.
Term
What is a Bacericidal?
Definition
a chemical that kills bacteria
Term
What is Bacteriostatic?
Definition
A chemical that inhibits the growth of bacteria
Term
What are the Cytopathic effects of viruses? (3)
Definition
Accumulation of large numbers of multiplying viruses, effects of viral protins on the permeability of the host cell's plasma membrane, and the inhibition of host DNA, RNA protein synthesis.
Term
AIDS: What is the HIV structure?
Definition
A viral envelope containing glycopriteins, two strands of rna, and two molecules of reverse transcriptase
Term
Describe the infection process of AIDS
Definition
Glycoproteins bind with the CD 4 receptors on the T lymphocytes, which is internalized by endocytosis, then the viral RNA is transcribed into DNA by viral reverse transcriptase
Term
Describe Category A of AIDS:
Definition
swollen lymph nodes, can last up to three years
Term
Describe category B of AIDS:
Definition
persistent yeast infections, shingles, 3-8 years after infection
Term
Describe Category C of AIDS:
Definition
full blown aids, and lots of secondary infections due to a weak immune system.
Term
What is small pox formed from?
Definition
The poxvirus
Term
What was the first disease to have a vaccine developed for it?
Definition
small pox
Term
How does Chicken pox enter?
Definition
Through the respiratory system
Term
What are symptoms of HSV-1, what is it caused by and how is it treated?
Definition
Cold sores, hormonal changes or UV exposure, and treated by Abreva.
Term
What is HSV-2 and how is it treated?
Definition
Genital herpes,valtrex
Term
What are measles and how is it treated?
Definition
a viral disease that leads to secondary bacterial infections, only lives in humans and is only treated by the MMR vaccine.
Term
How do you get Polio?
Definition
by drinking contaminated water
Term
Where does polio mainly affect?
Definition
throat and small intestine
Term
how does polio cause paralysis?
Definition
by killing the motor cells
Term
how do you treat polio?
Definition
iron lung
Term
What causes mononucleosis?
Definition
the epstein barr virus
Term
how is mononucleosis spread?
Definition
through saliva
Term
Is there a treatment for mononucleosis?
Definition
no, but once you get it you cant get it again.
Term
what is the common cold caused by?
Definition
Rhinovirus
Term
why is there no treatment for the common cold?
Definition
because there are multiple strands of the rhinovirus and it is too hard to target the specific one
Term
H1N1 is spread how?
Definition
coughing sneezing, touching contaminated surfaces
Term
Where does hepatitis A-D all infect?
Definition
The liver
Term
Describe Hepatitis A:
Definition
transmitted through contaminated water or food, no cure
Term
describe Hepatitis B:
Definition
tansmitted through blood contact or sex, can lead to liver failure, no cure.
Term
describe Hepatitis C:
Definition
known as the silent epidemic, there are no symptoms you only know from liver failure.
Term
What causes genital herpes?
Definition
The human papillomavirus
Term
What is the most common sexually transmitted disease?
Definition
Genital herpes
Term
In order to form a stable struture, the _____ must match up.
Definition
Nucleotides
Term
Describe Dwarfism:
Definition
Short in stature
Term
how do you detect dwarfism?
Definition
MRI for abnormalities.
Term
What is the treatment for dwarfism?
Definition
no treatment, but hormone injections help
Term
What gene is affected in dwarfism, and is it dominant, recessive, etc.
Definition
FGFR3 gene, autosomal dominant
Term
Describe progeria:
Definition
no hair, big head, small jaw, and growth problems.
Term
How do you treat progeria?
Definition
no treatment but there is surgery to slow down the cardiovascular disease
Term
What is the protein affected in Progeria? and what is it?
Definition
LMnA protein, autosomal dominant.
Term
Describe Hemophilia:
Definition
blood cannot clot, excessive bleeding.
Term
How do you test for hemophilia and what are the treatments?
Definition
Test with embryos of disease in the family. Treatments are replacement therapy
Term
What gene is affected in Hemophilia. and what is it?
Definition
factor 8,9, 11 gene, it is point mutation
Term
Describe Porphyria:
Definition
rashes, blisters when out in the sun, not active at birth but triggered by somehting on the skin.
Term
How do you test for porphyria? How do you treat it?
Definition
Run blood and urine tests looking for heme levels. No cure, but cna give heme injections.
Term
What is the gene effected? what is it? in porphyria
Definition
ALAD and poly gene effected. Dominant, recessive, and sex linked. mutation of the gene.
Term
What causes albinism?
Definition
a defect in melanin production.
Term
What is the gene effected in Albinism and what is it?
Definition
P gene, recessive.
Term
What are symptoms of Muscular Dystrophy?
Definition
waddling walk, enlarged calf muscles,
Term
Whta do you test for with muscular dystrophy?
Definition
creatine kinase levels.
Term
What is the protein affected in muscular dystrophy?
Definition
Dystrohpin protein, mutation and deletion
Term
How do you test for downs syndrome?
Definition
aminocentesis tests at pregnancy or ultra sound for extra skin at the neck
Term
What is the protein effected in downs syndrome?
Definition
Pds5
Term
Describe Huntingtons disease:
Definition
You have movement, thinking, and psychiatric disorders, passed down from your parents. If you have it your child has a 50% chance of getting it.
Term
What is the genetic defect in Huntingons?
Definition
too many copies of chromosome 4. Dominant
Term
describe turners syndrome:
Definition
Mostly in girls, swollen hands feet,
Term
how do you test for/ treat turners syndrome?
Definition
Karyotype for deleted portion of chromosome. give them growth and estrogen repacement
Term
what is the genetic defect in turners syndrome?
Definition
there is an inorrect line up so there are not 2 x chromosomes
Term
What is the structure of a biomolecule?
Definition
polymer chain of amino acid
Term
What is the function of cholestorol?
Definition
to convert bile acids to digest foods
Term
DEscribe the regulation of cholestorol biosynthesis:
Definition
You ingest food that travels to the small intesting where it is changed into chylomicrons to travel through the blood stream, there chylomicrons in the cell are broken down to regulate the COA reductase. They are then transported through the lymph and blood steam.
Term
What is Cholelithiasis?
Definition
where there are gall stones in the fall bladded. They are composed of cholesterol.
Term
What is Atherosclerosis?
Definition
Clots that form buildup of lipids
Term
What is Serum cholestorol regulation
Definition
HMG CoA Reductase
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