Term
|
Definition
T: Anti-infective
P: Aminopenicillin
Act: binds to bacterial cell wall, bactericidal
ADR: promotes suprainfection C. difficile growth (antibiotic-associated colitis), seizures, anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: Anti-infective
P: cephalosporins
Act: binds to cell wall, bactericidal
ADR: promotes C. difficile growth (antibiotic-associated colitis), seizures, anaphylaxis, serum sickness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infective
Act: inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria at 50 s ribosome
ADR: promotes C. difficile growth (antibiotic-associated colitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infective, antiprotozoal
Act: disrupts DNA synthesis in susceptible organisms
Ind: Tx C.difficile
ADRs: seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infective
Act: binds to bacterial cell wall, bactericidal Ind: Tx C. difficile, useful when less toxic drugs are contra-indicated, for life-threatening infections
ADRs: Anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| potassium penicillin (Pen Vee K)* |
|
Definition
T: anti-infective
P: Penicillins Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin)
Act: binds to bact cell wall, bactericidal
ADR: penicillin most common cause of drug allergy, seizures, serum sickness |
|
|
Term
| procaine penicillin (Wycillin) |
|
Definition
T: anti-infective
P: Penicillins -Procaine Penicillin G
ADR: penicillin most common cause of drug allergy |
|
|
Term
| benzathine penicillin (Bicillin L-A) |
|
Definition
T: anti-infective
P: penicillins, benzathine peenicillin G (Benzylpenicillin) ADR: penicillin most common cause of drug allergy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T; anti-infective
P: Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins
Act: bind to cell wall, bactericidal, not inactivated by penicillinase enzymes
ADRs: seizures, pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis, serum sickness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T; anti-infectives
P: Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins |
|
|
Term
| .. cloxacillin (Cloxapen) |
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P:Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins |
|
|
Term
| .. dicloxacillin (Dynapen) |
|
Definition
T: anti--infectives
P: Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Broad Spectrum Penicillins (Aminopenicillins) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: aminopenicillins
Broad Spectrum Penicillins (Aminopenicillins)
ADRs: seizures, pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis, serum sickness |
|
|
Term
| Ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn) |
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: aminopenicillins/ beta-lactamase inhibitors Broad Spectrum Penicillins (Aminopenicillins) Beta-Lactamase
ADR: rash, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| .. Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) |
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: aminopenicillins/beta lactamase inhibitors Broad Spectrum Penicillins (Aminopenicillins) Beta-Lactamase
ADR: rash, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| ticarcillin (Ticar) – no longer available alone |
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: (with clavulanate)Extended Spectrum Penicillins (Antipseudomonal Penicillins) |
|
|
Term
| .. piperacillin (Pipracil) - no longer available alone |
|
Definition
T; anti-infectives
P: (with tazabactum)Extended Spectrum Penicillins (Antipseudomonal Penicillins) |
|
|
Term
| ticarcillin clavulanate (Timentin)* |
|
Definition
T; anti-infectives
P: Extended Spectrum Penicillins (Antipseudomonal Penicillins) Beta-Lactamase
ACT: binds to cell wall
ADRs: diarrhea, rash, phlebitis, seizures, pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
| .. piperacillin tazobactam (Zosyn) |
|
Definition
| Extended Spectrum Penicillins (Antipseudomonal Penicillins) Beta-Lactamase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allergy (anaphylaxis), Diarrhea (Pseudomembranous colitis)-Tx vancomycin, Rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allergy, bleeding, thrombophlebitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: First generation Cephalosporin-
Act: increasing activity against Gm (-) bacteria and anaerobes
ADRs: diarrhea, rashes, N.V, phlebitis, seizures, pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis, serum sickness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Second Generation Cephalosporin
Act:increasing resistance to destruction by betalactamases
ADRs: diarrhea, rashses, phlebitis, seizures, pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis, serum sickness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Third generation Cephalosporin- Act: increasing ability to reach Central Spinal Fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T; anti-infectives
P: Fourth Generation Cephalosporin- increasing CSF action |
|
|
Term
| imipenem or imipenem/cilastatin (Primaxin)* |
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Carbapanem/beta lactam antibiotics with very broad spectrum
(combined with cilastatin, prevents renal inactivation of imipenim) resists enzymes that degrade most other penicillins
ADRs: diarrhea, N/V, rash, seizures, pseudomembranous coliis, anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T; anti-infectives
P: Carbapanem- beta lactam antibiotics with very broad spectrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Carbapanem- beta lactam antibiotics with very broad spectrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Carbapanem- beta lactam antibiotics with very broad spectrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vancomycin- action against cell wall synthesis..severe infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thrombophlebitis, Allergy, Ototoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Penicillins Tetracyclines- broad spectrum,
Act: inhibit protein synthesis
(Unusual organism infections: mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsia, borellia) |
|
|
Term
| .. doxycycline (Vibramycin) |
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Penicillins-Tetracyclines- broad spectrum, inhibit protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P; Penicillins- Tetracyclines- broad spectrum, inhibit protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| GI, effects bone, teeth, superinfection, Hepatoxicity, Renal toxicity, Photosensitivity NOT to young children- Ca issues, BROWN TEETH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Macrolides
Act: suppresses protein synthesis at 50s bact ribosome
ADRs: n/v, phlebitis, ventricular arrythmias |
|
|
Term
| .. clarithromycin (Biaxin) |
|
Definition
T; agents for atypical mycobacterium, anti-infectives
P: Macrolides |
|
|
Term
| .. azithromycin (Zithromax |
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Macrolides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| GI distress, Hepatoxicity, Hypersensitivity... use if allergic to penicillin, effective against H. influenzae, BROAD Spectrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infecives
P: Miscellaneous
Act: Inhibits protein synthesis,
ADRs: can induce pseudo colitis, only for anaerobic infections outside of CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: oxaolidinones
Act: inactivates bact protein synthesis at 23s and 50s subunit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MT: anti-infectives
P: ketolides
Act: blocks bact protein synth at 50s subunit |
|
|
Term
| .. quinapristin/dalfopristin (Synercid) |
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: streptogramins
ACT: vanco-mycin-resistant enterococcus faecium, S. aureus, S pyogenes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: activated protein C, human
Ind: to reduce mortality in adult patients with sepsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Aminoglycoside- for AERobic gram (-) bacilli, Anaerobes are resistant...good concentrations of aerobic in peritoneal fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P; Aminoglycoside
Act: protein synthesis at 30s ribosome, used in serious infections when other less toxic drugs are contraindicated
ADRs: ataxia, ototoxicity, neprotoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P:Aminoglycoside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Aminoglycoside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Aminoglycoside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Aminoglycoside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ototoxicity (may be irreversible) nephrotoxicity, check high creatinine |
|
|
Term
| trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole* (TMP/SMZ, Bactrim, Septra) |
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives, antiprotozoals
P: folate antagonists, sulfonamides
Act: Sulfonamide- develops resistance, used in combinations, esp for p. carinii, UTI...inhibits the metabolism of folic acid in bacteria at two different points
ADRs: n/v, rashes, pseudomembranous colitis, hepatic necrosis, toxis epidermal necrolysis, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, erythema multiforme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypersensitivity, Crystalluria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: Antitubercular (First-Line, may use 3 drugs for 1-2 years)...
Act: interferes with mycobacterial cell wall synthesis and interferes with metabolism
ADRs: Nephrotoxicity, increased risk with rifampin and ETOH, monitor LFT's monthly, black/hispanic women, post-partum women, patients over 50 increased risk... interferes with actions of Vit B6, essential in nerve |
|
|
Term
| .. ethambutol (Myambutol) |
|
Definition
T: Antitubercular (First-Line, may use 3 drugs for 1-2 years)
Act; inhibits growth of mycobacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T: Antitubercular (First-Line, may use 3 drugs for 1-2 years) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T:Antitubercular (First-Line, may use 3 drugs for 1-2 years)...
P: rifamycins
Acts: through body fluids and CSF dist. Causes orange-red urine, saliva, etc., may color lenses ADRs: asymptomatic hepatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T:Antitubercular (First-Line, may use 3 drugs for 1-2 years) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Fluoroquinolones- spectrum: UTI enterobacter, Staph, Pseudomonas, S. pneumoniae, anthrax (ciprofloxacin) Interacts: antacids, Fe, Zn avoid within 2 hr.
ADRs: pseud colitis, rash, dizziness, headache, insomnia |
|
|
Term
| .. ciprofloxacin (Cipro)* |
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Fluoroquinolones
Act: spectrum: UTI enterobacter, Staph, Pseudomonas, S. pneumoniae, anthrax (ciprofloxacin) Interacts: antacids, Fe, Zn avoid within 2 hr.
ADRs: pseud colitis, rash, dizziness, headache, insomnia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
| ..levofloxacin (Levaquin) |
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
| .. gemifloxacin (Factive) |
|
Definition
T: anti-infectives
P: Fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anti-infective, anti protozoal, obligate anaerobe infections, H. Pylori. ADRs: neurotoxicity, allergy, superinfections. Inter: Disulfiram-like reaction with ETOH |
|
|
Term
| amphotericin B (Fungizone) |
|
Definition
T: antifungals
Amphotericin B Anti-fungal...test dose,
ADRs: thrombophlebitis, fever, HA, chills, anorexia, N/V Add heparin to IV for thrombo. Pretreat withh Benadryl, Tylenol..rigors: Demerol |
|
|
Term
| .. amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate (Amphotec) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| .. amphotericin B lipid complex (Abelcet) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| .. amphotericin B liposome (AmBisome) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antifungals (systemic)
P: Azole Anti-fungal agent. Fungistatic, disrupts fungal cell membrane
ADRs: hepatotoxicity, effect on sex hormones, N/V, headache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T: Antifungal for superficial mycoses: ringworm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T: Antifungal for superficial mycoses: ringworm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| .. ketoconazole (Nizoral) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| .. clotrimazole (Lotrimin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| .. fluconazole (Diflucan) |
|
Definition
T:Antifungal (systemic)
ADRS: hepatotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
| .. itraconazole (Sporanox) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: Anti-fungals -
P: echinocandins
Act: inhibits synthesis of fungal cell wall |
|
|
Term
| .. Caspofungin (Cancidas) |
|
Definition
T: Anti-fungals (systemic
P: echinocandins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T; Anti-fungals -
P: echinocandins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: Anti-viral agents,
P: Purine analogues
Spectrum- H. zoster, H. simplex, does not cure virus, topical q3hr x 7days, PO and IV
ADRs: dizziness, headache, diarrhea, n/v, renal failure, seizures, |
|
|
Term
| .. ganciclovir (Cytovene) |
|
Definition
T: Anti-viral agents
Act: inhibits viral DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T:Anti-viral agents
ACT: Herpes only |
|
|
Term
| .. valacyclovir (Valtrex) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T; Anti-viral agents
P: nucleoside analogues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: Anti-viral agents
Act: especially for cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV patients |
|
|
Term
| interferon alfa-2b (Intron-A) |
|
Definition
T: Anti-viral for Hepatitis B (HBV) (trans: blood, semen)
P: interferons |
|
|
Term
| .. peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) |
|
Definition
T: Anti-viral for Hepatitis B (HBV) (trans: blood, semen)
P: interferons |
|
|
Term
| .. lamivudine (Epivir-HBV) |
|
Definition
T; Anti-viral for Hepatitis B (HBV) (trans: blood, semen)
T: antiretrovirals, antivirals
P: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| .. entecavir (Baraclude)) |
|
Definition
T: Anti-viral for Hepatitis B (HBV) (trans: blood, semen)
P: nucleoside analogues |
|
|
Term
| Pegylated interferon alfa-2a and 2b combined with ribavirin |
|
Definition
| Anti-viral for Hepatitic C (HCV), most common casue of liver transplants, no symptoms initially, trans: blood, semen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intranasal annual influenza vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subcutaneous annual influenza vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subcutaneous annual influenza vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intranasal annual influenza vaccine, best for children, adults under 50 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) inhibits HIV replication. ADRs: anemia, neutropenia, lactic acidosis, GI- pancreatitis, CNS- peripheral neuropathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) |
|
|
Term
| .. emtricitabine (Emtriva) |
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) |
|
|
Term
| .. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread) |
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) |
|
|
Term
| .. Combivir (lamivudine & zidovudine) |
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P:Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTS) bind to HIV reverse transcriptase. ADRs; N/V, rash, interacts with many other drugs, used in combo Tx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTS)
Act: bind to HIV reverse transcriptase.
ADRs; N/V, rash, interacts with many other drugs, used in combo Tx |
|
|
Term
| .. delavirdine (Rescriptor) |
|
Definition
| Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTS) bind to HIV reverse transcriptase. ADRs; N/V, rash, interacts with many other drugs, used in combo Tx |
|
|
Term
| .. etravirine (Intelence) |
|
Definition
| Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTS) bind to HIV reverse transcriptase. ADRs; N/V, rash, interacts with many other drugs, used in combo Tx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Protease Inhibitors-
Act: prevent HIV from being assembled and released from infected CD4 cell, used in combo Tx
ADR: seizures, Stevens-Johnson Syndrom Drug-drug interactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Protease Inhibitors- prevent HIV from being assembled and released from infected CD4 cell, used in combo Tx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Protease Inhibitors- prevent HIV from being assembled and released from infected CD4 cell, used in combo Tx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Protease Inhibitors- prevent HIV from being assembled and released from infected CD4 cell, used in combo Tx |
|
|
Term
| .. lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra)* - metabolic inhibitor |
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Protease Inhibitors- inhibits viral protease...prevent HIV from being assembled and released from infected CD4 cell, used in combo Tx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Protease Inhibitors- prevent HIV from being assembled and released from infected CD4 cell, used in combo Tx |
|
|
Term
| .. fosamprenavir (Lexiva) |
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Protease Inhibitors- prevent HIV from being assembled and released from infected CD4 cell, used in combo Tx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: antiretrovirals
P: Protease Inhibitors- prevent HIV from being assembled and released from infected CD4 cell, used in combo Tx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protease Inhibitors- prevent HIV from being assembled and released from infected CD4 cell, used in combo Tx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hepatoxicity, bone density, bleeding, hyperglycemia, fat redistribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HIV fusion inhibitor- blocks entry of HIV into cd4 T cells, $20,000/ yr, ADR: injection reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New antiretroviral- CCR5 co-receptor antagonist, only for certain strain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New antiretroviral- integrase strand transfer inhibitor, only if failing and or has resistance to other treatments |
|
|
