Term
Hypothalmic/Anterior Pituitary Hormones |
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Definition
Drug: octreotide (Sandostatin)
Action: inhibits growth hormone release
Use: acromegaly (b4 surgery or when surgery not possible) , carcinoid tumors, antidiahrrheal (inhibits release of digestive hormones)
Drug: cosyntropin (Cortrosyn)
Action: stimulates secretion of cortisol
Use: Addison's Disease; to test for adrenal sufficiency
Drug: somatropin (Humatrope), 3x/week IM
Use: promotes growth in children
Nursing implications:
- cannot be used innapropriately (for normal growth reasons)
- Use for anti-aging is unproven
- Link between growth hormone and tumor growth
- monitor height growth of child
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Term
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Definition
Drug: vassopressin (Pitressin)
Action: synthetic ADH - allows for absorption of pure water (induces vasoconstriction)
Use: severe hypotension, shock, Diabetes Insipidis
Nursing Implications:
Monitor for:
- water intoxication
- chest pain
- MI
- high BP
- abdominal cramps
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Term
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Definition
These are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
Drug:
- methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) - IV
- prednisone (Deltasone) - PO (Prototype)
- dexamethasone (Decadron) - IV, PO
Action: to maintain homeostasis
Use: antinflammatory , immunosuppressive, anti-allergic, anti-stress
Adverse Effects: moon face / obese trunk with thin extremeties / hyperglycemia / psychosis / osteoporosis / paper thin skin / slow healing
Nursing implications:
- taper dose over several weeks
- abrupt stoppage can result in acute adrenocortical insufficiency (life threatening)
- warn patient of body image effects
- long term - osteoporosis, may need Ca+ and Vit D
- Gift w/ food
- Risk for infection
Better to treat locally than systemically |
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Term
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Definition
*Given to replace what the thyroid cannot produce
Drug: levothyroxine (Synthroid) - PO, IV
Action: Stimulate metabolism and cardiac function
Use: hypothyroidism (myxedema) and myxedema coma
Adverse Effects: none unless given in inappropriate doses
Nursing implications:
- caution in elderly
- monitor pulse and BP
- withhold med w/ HR > 100 bpm
- take in am prior to breakfast (on empty stomach)
- monitor weight
- usually is a life long replacement
- do not take w/ iron or calcium
- don't switch brands
- monitor thyroid function
- watch for signs of hyperthyroidism
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Term
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Definition
Drug:
- Thioamide (drug class) - propylthiouracil (PTU)
- Radioactive Iondine (sodium ioidide 131)
- Iodine solutions -
- Strong idodine solution (Lugol's solution)
- Potassium iodine (SSKI)
Action: suppress thyroid hormone & prevent conversion of T4 and T3
Use: hyperthyroidism, thyroid crisis
Adverse Effects: hypothyroidism / iodine toxicity / agranulocytosis
Nursing implications:
- Monitor pulse, BP, & weight
- Mix iodine in full glass of liquid; drink w/ straw (metallic taste)
- Iodine toxicity = pain, vomiting, diahrrhea, glottis edema
- Radioactive iodine causes hypothyroidism and will require lifelong thyroid replacement
- Iodine preps should not be followed by PTU or radioactive iodine
Thyroid crisis: when someone w/ hyperthyroidism has stress added (such as trauma, infections), this can lead to MI, stroke, hypertension
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Term
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Definition
Drug:
Ca+ supplement + Vit D
- calcium carbonate (Os-cal)
- calcium gluconate - IV
Action: places calcium in the blood
Use: hypocalcemia
Adverse Effects: can cause osteoporosis (so oral supplement of calcium is given)
Nursing implications: None Given
*PTH is stimulated by low Ca+ levels |
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Term
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Definition
Drug:
Biphosphates
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
Action: None given
Use: treats osteoporosis
Adverse Effects: risk of esophageal cancer (Fosamax) / risk for PE/Stroke (raloxifene)
Nursing implications:
Biophosphates
- must sit up for 30 min after taking
- watch for swallowing problems
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Term
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Definition
Drug: Phosphate salt (Neutra-Phos)
Action: inhibits intestinal absorpotion of Ca+ and increases Ca+ deposits in the bone
Use: hypercalcium
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