Treat hyperthyroidism

Administer methimazole with food.

Because of the increase in metabolism that occurs in hyperthyroidism, the client should consume a high calorie diet. Antithyroid medications can cause agranulocytosis with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Sore throat, fever, headache, or bleeding may indicate agranulocytosis and the health care provider (HCP) should be notified immediately.

Treat hypothyroidism

Insomnia, weight loss, and mild heat intolerance are side effects of levothyroxine sodium.

Glucagon is used to treat hypoglycemia resulting from insulin overdose. The family of the client is instructed in how to administer the medication. In an unconscious client, arousal usually occurs within 20 minutes of glucagon injection. When consciousness has been regained, oral carbohydrates should be given. Lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy result from insulin injections.

Humulin N insulin

onset, peak, and duration

Biguanide- inhibit hepatic glucose production

The most common side effect of metformin (Glucophage) is gastrointestinal disturbances, including decreased appetite, nausea, and diarrhea.

Desmopressin is an antidiuretic hormone used in the treatment of diabetes insipidus. It promotes renal conservation of water by acting on the collecting ducts of the kidney to increase the permeability to water, which results in increased water reabsorption.

No Insulin to allow glucose into cell

Causes increase ketones which cause acidosis

Glucose concentration is raised past kidneys threshold to excrete it.

Which causes dehydration because of the high concentration of glucose causes osmotic diuresis effect

Leads to renal failure and total body depletion of potassium

Sulfonylureas promote insulin secretion by the pancreas and may also increase tissue response to insulin.

Fludrocortisone acetate has mineralocorticoid activity and also has a modest glucocorticoid effect. It acts primarily on the kidney distal tubules, enhancing the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions and the excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. It promotes water retention.

Humulin R is always drawn up before Humulin N insulin, and Humulin N insulin can be drawn into the same syringe as for the Humulin R. Insulins usually are administered 15 to 30 minutes before a meal. To mix the Humulin N insulin suspension, the vial should be gently rotated. Shaking introduces air bubbles into the solution.

withhold the medication and notify the HCP if these symptoms are noted.

The client should be instructed about symptoms of iodism that can occur with the administration of potassium iodide solution. These symptoms include a brassy taste, burning sensation in the mouth, and soreness of the gums and teeth.

The client with Addison's disease will require lifelong replacement of adrenal hormones. The medications must be taken daily, and an alternate route of administration must be used if the client cannot take oral medications for any reason, such as nausea and vomiting. Additional doses of glucocorticoids will be needed during times of stress. The nurse must emphasize that the client must call the health care provider (HCP) to obtain a prescription for a dosage increase when experiencing stressful situations. Abrupt withdrawal of this medication can result in Addisonian crisis. Although side effects are mild at lower doses, more severe side effects occur with long-term glucocorticoid administration. It is very unsafe to stop taking the medication without first consulting the HCP.

Humulin

onset, peak, and duration

Tolbutamide is an oral hypoglycemic agent

Potassium sparing diuretic

Spironolactone antagonizes the effect of aldosterone and decreases circulating volume by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of sodium and water. Thus, it produces a decrease in blood pressure. It increases the excretion of sodium and plasma potassium.

Tolbutamide is an oral hypoglycemic agent that is taken in the morning with breakfast to minimize gastric irritation and enhance diabetic control. It stimulates the pancreas to produce the insulin that is needed during the day.

Sulfonamides can intensify the effects of warfarin sodium (Coumadin), phenytoin (Dilantin), and orally administered hypoglycemics such as tolbutamide (Orinase). When combined with sulfonamides, these medications may require a reduction in dosage

Desmopressin

A complication of head injury is diabetes insipidus, which can occur with insult to the hypothalamus, the antidiuretic hormone storage vesicles, or the posterior pituitary gland. Urine output that exceeds 9 L per day generally requires treatment with desmopressin. Dexamethasone is usually given to control cerebral edema secondary to brain tumors.

Treat hyperthyrodism

adverse effect is agranulocytosis, which could be indicated by a fever

Sodium thiosulfate

Iodine solution can cause iodine toxicity. Iodine is corrosive, and an overdose will injure the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Swelling of the glottis may result in asphyxiation. Treatment consists of gastric lavage to remove iodine from the stomach and administration of sodium thiosulfate to reduce iodine to iodide

A disorder in adults in which the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone.

Octreotide (Sandostatin) is used to reduce growth hormone levels in clients with acromegaly. The most common side effects of octreotide are diarrhea, nausea, gallstone formation, and abdominal discomfort.

4 to 12 hours after administration

growth hormone

Somatotropin (Humatrope) should not be administered during or after epiphyseal closure. Efficacy of therapy declines as the client ages and is usually lost entirely by age 20 to 24 years.

The nurse is preparing to discharge a client who has had a parathyroidectomy. The discharge instructions include medication administration of oral calcium supplements that the client will need daily. When is the appropriate time to administer the supplement?

Oral calcium supplements can be administered with food to enhance its absorption as well as decrease gastrointestinal irritation.