Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Drug-Induced Diseases Vogler
Exam 1 Cardio
30
Art/Design
Kindergarten
01/30/2011
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Art/Design Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
Orthostatic hypotension is defined as:
 Definition
Decrease in systolic BP of at least 20 mmHg or diastolic BP of at least 10 mmHg within 3 min of standing
Term
Most common drug involved in causing orthostatic hypotension
 Definition
  • Antihypertensives
  • Antianginal agents
  • Antiarrhythmics
  • Antidepressants
  • Antipsychotics
  • Biologics
  • Natriuretic peptide agents
  • Opiates
  • Prostaglandin agents
Term
Agents used to treat Orthostatic Hypotension
 Definition
  • Fludricortisone (increases blood volume by stimulating renal sodium retention)
  • Midodrine (constricts arterial and venous vasculature)
  • Clonidine (for refractory orthostatic hypotension)
Term
Most common drugs that cause HTN
 Definition
  • Anabolic steroids
  • Cyclosporine
  • Darbopoetin alfa
  • Decongestants
  • Erythropoetin alfa
  • Ephedra alkaloids
  • Illicit drugs (cocaine, MDMA)
  • Tacrolimus
Term
HTN: Signs and symptoms
 Definition
  • Headache
  • Hypertensive crisis
  • Anxiety
  • Chest pain
  • Confusion
  • Perspiration
  • N/V
  • Visual changes
  • Blood pressure classified as at least stage 1 HTN
Term
Risk factors for HTN
 Definition
  • History of HTN
  • Pre-HTN
  • Previous history of drug-induced HTN
  • Cardiovascular risk factors such as:

cigarette smoking

obesity

physical inactivity

dyslipidemia

DM

microalbuminuria

age

family history

high dose NSAID or COX-II inhibitor therapy
Term
If HTN is caused by cyclosporine:
 Definition

If stage 1 HTN, decrease dose by 25%

If stage 2, decrease by 50% and consider anti-HTN (dihydropyridine CCB preferred)
Term
If HTN is caused by oral contraceptives:
 Definition
  • Use alt form
  • Monitor BP for 3 months after discontinuation
  • If other forms not feasible, use lowest dose estrogen/progestin product with anti-HTN therapy
Term
If HTN is caused by erythropoietin and darbepoietin:
 Definition
  • Use lowest effective dose
  • SQ dosing preferred over IV
Term
If rebound HTN occurs:
 Definition
  • Restart agent at previous chronic dose
  • Gradually taper if the agent is to be discontinued
Term
Common drugs that cause sinus bradycardia/sinus arrest/AV blockade
 Definition
  • Digoxin toxicity
  • Adenosine
  • Amiodarone
  • Beta blockers
  • CCBs
  • Clonidine
  • Flecainide
Term
Managemet of sinus bradycardia/arrest/AV blockade
 Definition
  • D/c offending agent
  • Temporary pacemaker
  • Severe -- atropine 0.5-1 mg q 3-5 min until HR increases or total dose of 0.04 mg/kg
  • If CCB or beta blocker overdose --> gastric lavage, activated charcoal, glucagon 2-5 mg IV
Term
Common drugs that cause Afib/Aflutter
 Definition
  • Adenosine
  • Albuterol
  • Amiodarone
  • Flecainide
  • Iratropium
  • Propafenone
  • Theophylline
  • Verapamil
Term
Common drugs that cause Atrial tachycardia
 Definition
  • Albuterol
  • Digoxin toxicity
  • Theophylline toxicity
Term
Common drugs that cause AV Nodal Reciprocating Tachycardia
 Definition
  • Albuterol
  • Theophylline
Term
Signs/Symptoms of Afib/Aflutter
 Definition
  • Palpitations
  • Dizziness
  • Lightheadedness
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain
  • Syncope
Term
Signs/Symptoms of Atrial Tachycardia
 Definition
  • Palpitations
  • Dizziness
  • Lightheadedness
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain
  • Syncope
Term
Risk factors for Afib/Aflutter
 Definition
Unknown -- alcohol withdrawal
Term
Risk factors for Atrial Tachycardia
 Definition
  • Digoxin level > 2
  • Renal dysfunction
  • Drug interactions with offending medications
Term
Signs/Symptoms of AV Nodal Reciprocating Tachycardia
 Definition
  • Palpitations
  • Dizziness
  • Lightheadedness
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain
  • Syncope
Term
Risk factors for AV Nodal Reciprocating Tachycardia
 Definition
  • Unknown
  • Large fluid loss
  • High theophylline concentration
Term
Management of Atrial Tachycardia: Unstable
 Definition
  • Direct cardioversion
  • If digoxin toxicity: digoxin antibody fragments
  • If theophylline toxicity: activated charcoal
Term
Management of Atrial Tachycardia: Stable
 Definition
  • Metoprolol
  • Verapamil
  • Magnesium
Term
Management of AV Nodal Reciprocating Tachycardia
 Definition
  • DC offending agent
  • If unstable: synchronized direct current cardioversion
Term
Common drugs that cause Ventricular Tachycardia
 Definition
  • Adenosine
  • Amiodarone
  • Flecainide
  • Ibutilide
  • Digoxin
  • Disopyramide
  • Procainamide
  • Propafenone
  • Theophylline
Term
Risk factors for Ventricular Tachycardia
 Definition
  • Structural heart disease
  • CAD
  • Serum digoxin levels > 2
  • Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia
  • Theophylline levels > 20
Term
Drugs that can cause Torsades de Pointes
 Definition
  • Erythromycin
  • Clarithromycin
  • Sotalol
  • Quinidine
  • Haloperidol
  • Methadone
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Levofloxacin
  • Gatifloxacin
  • Fluconazole
  • Famotidine
  • Metoclopramide
Term
Risk factors for Torsades
 Definition
  • QTc interval > 500 ms
  • QTc changes > 60 ms from baseline
  • Female
  • Left ventricular dysfunction
  • Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
  • Advanced age
  • Bradycardia
  • High concentrations of QT prolonging drugs
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Previous history of drug-induced torsades
Term
Heart failure signs and symptoms
 Definition
  • Edema
  • Dyspnea
  • + JVD
  • Dizziness
  • Third heart sounds
  • Nausea
  • Weakness
  • Fatigue
  • Disorientation
  • Cognitive dysfunction
Supporting users have an ad free experience!