Term
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Definition
| prevent the synthesis of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, used to treat hypertension and heart failure. |
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Term
| Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors |
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Definition
| Promote the accumulation of acetylcholine, resulting in prolonged cholinergic effects |
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Term
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Definition
Produce effects similar to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. |
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Term
| adrenergic blocking agents |
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Definition
inhibits the adrenergic system, preventing stimulation of the adrenergic receptors. action: acts by binding to @-adrenergic receptors, causing dilation of peripheral blood vessels. lowers peripheral resistance, resulting in decreased blood pressure. Uses:used for pheochromoctoma, prevention of tissue necrosis and sloughing assicuated wuth extravasation of IV vasopressors. side effects: the most common side effects are hypotension,tachycardia, nasal stiffiness,nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea. contraindications:hypersensitive reactions may occur,and allergies should be identified before these products are given.patients with myocardial infarction,coronary insufficiency,angina,or other evidence of coronary artery disease should not use these products Interactions: vasoconstrictive and hypertensive effects of epINEPHrine are antagonized by @-adrenergic blockers. Assess: electrolytes: K,Na,Cl,CO2 weight daily, I&O B/P lying,standing before starting treatment, q4h thereafter nausea,vomiting,diarrhea skin turgor,dryness of mucous membranes for hydration status administer: starting with low dose,gradually increasing to prevent side effects with food or milk for GI symptoms Evaluate: therapeutic response:decreased B/P,increased peripheral pulses Teach PT/family: to avoid alcholic beverages to report dizziness,palpations,fainting to change position slowly or fainting may occur to take drug exactly as prescribed to avoid all OTC products(cough,cold,allergy)unless directed by prescriber Selected generic name: Phentolamine |
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Term
| aldosterone receptor antagonists |
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Definition
| block stimulation of mineralocorticoid receptors by aldosterone, thus reducing high blood pressure by preventing sodium reabsorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| gentamicin, tobramycin, and related antibiotics; particularly effective against gram-negative microorganisms; noted for potentially dangerous toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| narcotic and nonnarcotic; relieve pain without producing loss of consciousness or reflex activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| these steroid hormones produce masculinizing effects |
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Term
| angiotensic II receptor antagonists |
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Definition
| also known as ARBs (angiotension receptor blockers); act by binding to angiotensin II receptor sites, preventing angiotensin II (a very potent vasoconstrictor) from binding to receptor sites in vascular smooth muscle, brain, heart, kidneysm and adrenal glands, thus blocking the blood pressue- elevating and sodium- remaining effects of angiotensin II |
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Term
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Definition
for example; local anethesia, general anethesia; cause a lose of sensation with or without a loss of consciousness with or without loss of conciousness Action: anethetics (general) act on the CNS to produce tranquilization and sleep before invasive procedures.Anesthetics(local) inhibit conduction of nerve impulses from sensory nerves. Uses: general anesthetics are used to premedicate for surgery,induction and maintenance in general anesthesia. For local anesthetics,refer to individual product listing for indications. Side effects: the most common side effects are dystonia,akathisia,flexion of arms,finetremors,drowiness,restlessness,and hypotension. also common are chills ,repiratory depreession,and laryngospasm. Contraindications: persons with CVA,increased intracranial pressure,severe hypertension,cardiac decompensation should not use these products,since severe adverse reactions can occur. Precautions: anesthetics (general)should be used with caution in the geriatric,cardiovascular disease(hypotension,bradydysrhythmias),renal disease,hepatic disease,parkinson;s disease,children<2 yr. the precaution for anesthetucs(local) is pregnancy. Interactions: MAOIs,tricyclics,phenothiazines may cause severe hypotension or hypertension when used with local anesthetics. CNS depressants will potentiate general and local anesthetics. Nursing considerations: assess: VS q10min during IV administration,q30min after IM dose Administer: anticholinergic preoperatively to decrease secretions,only with crash cart resuscitative equipment nearby. Perform/provide: Quiet environment for recovery to decrease psychotic symptoms Evaluate: therapeutic response: maintanence of anesthesia,decreased pain |
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Term
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Definition
reduce the acidity of the gastric contents Action: |
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Term
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Definition
used to prevent or treat attacks of angina pectoris |
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Term
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Definition
| used to treat anxiety symptomsor disorders; also known as a minor tranquilizers or anxiolytics; although the term transquilizer is avoided today to prevent the misperception that the patient is being tranquilized. |
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Term
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Definition
| ised to correct cardiac arrythmias (any heart rate other than normal sinus rhythm) |
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Term
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Definition
| used to treat infections caused by pathogenic microbes; the term is often used interchangeably with antimicrobial agents |
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Term
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Definition
| block the action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system; also known as cholinergic blocking agents, antispasmotics, an.d parasympatholytic agents |
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Term
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Definition
| do NOT dissolce existing clots, but do prevent enlargement or extension of blood clots. |
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Term
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Definition
| suppress abnormal neuronal activity in the CNS, preventing seizures |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| also known as hypoglycemics; inslude insulin (used to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus) and oral hypoglycemic agents (used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus) |
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Term
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Definition
| relieve or control the symptoms of acute or chronic diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
used to treat fungal infections |
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Term
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Definition
| used to reduce introcular pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| used in the treatment of active gout attacks or to prevent future attacks |
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Term
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Definition
| used to treat allergy symptoms; may also be used to treat motion sickness, insomnia, and other nonallergic reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| used to treat elevated blood pressure (hypertension) |
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Term
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Definition
used to reduce serum cholesterol and /or triglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals that eliminate living micoorganisms pathogenic to the patient also called antibiotics or antiinfectives |
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Term
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Definition
| also called chemotherapy agents; used alone of in combination with other treatment modalities such as radiation, surgery, or biologic response modifiers for the treatment of cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| used in the treatment of parkinson syndrome and other dyskinesias |
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Term
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Definition
| used in the treatment of severe mental illnesses; also known as major tranquilizers or neuroleptics;, although the term tranquilizer is avoided today to prevent the misperception that the patient is being tranquilized. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to reduce fevers associated with a variety of conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| actually anticholinergic agents |
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Term
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Definition
| used to treat the symptoms of hyperthyroidism;also known as thuroid hormone antagonists |
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Term
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Definition
| used to prevent or treat an infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
| used to supress a cough by acting on the cough center of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| these drugs, such as histamine-2 antagonists, decrease the volume and increase the pH of gastric secetions |
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Term
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Definition
| used to treat infections caused by pathogenic viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulate receptors within the tracheobronchial tree to relax the airway passages and dilate the airway passges, allowing a greater voluime of air to be exchanged and improving oxygenation. |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit the activitic transmitters, norepinephrene, and epinephrine; used to treat angina. arrhythmias, hypertenion, and glaucoma. |
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Term
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Definition
| also called calcium ion antagonists, slow channel blockers or calcium ion influc inhibitors; inhibits the movement of calcium ions across the cell membrane; used to decrease arrhythmias, slow rate of contration heart, and cause dilation of blood vesels |
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Term
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Definition
| antibiotics (imipenepenem, meropenem) that have a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; they act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis |
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Term
| carobonic anhydrase inhibitors |
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Definition
| interfere with the producation fo aqueous humor, thereby reducing intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma |
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Term
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Definition
| improve immune function by stimulating the activity of various immune cells |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as parasympathomimetics, produce effects similar to those of acetylcholine |
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Term
| cholinesterase inhibitors |
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Definition
| these enzymes destroy acetylcholine, the cholinergic neirotransmitter |
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Term
| colony-stimulating factors |
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Definition
| stimulate progenitor cells in bone marrow to increase numbers of leukocytes, thereby improving immune function |
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Term
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Definition
| this drug, sucralfate, forms a complex that adheres to the crater of an ulcer, protecting it from aggracation by gastric seceretions. |
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Term
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Definition
| these hormones are secreted by the adrenal contex of the adrenal gland. |
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Term
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Definition
| anticholinergic agents that paralyze accomodation of the iris of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| agents that cause direct cell death; often used for cancer chemotherapy |
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Term
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Definition
| reduce swelling in the nasal passges caused by a common cold or allergic rhinitis |
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Term
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Definition
| combination products containing digestive enzymes used to treat various digestive disorders and to supplement deficiencies of natural digestive enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of drugs, also known as cardiac glycosides, that increase the force of contration and slow the heart rate, thereby improving cardiac output |
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Term
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Definition
| act to increase the flow of urine emetics used to induce vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| steroids that cause feminizing effects |
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Term
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Definition
| liquefy mucus by stimulating the natural lubricant fluids from the bronchial glands |
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Term
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Definition
| ciprofloxacin and related agents; widely used broas spectrum antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| used to increase stomach contractions, relax the pyloric valve, and increase peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract; result in a decrease in gastric transit time and more rapid emptying of the intestinal tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as adrenocorticosteroids; are used to regulate carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| hormones produced by the testes in the male and ovaries in the female |
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Term
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Definition
| plant products usually sold as food supplements may have pharmacologic effects that are not evaluated or regulated by the FDA |
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Term
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Definition
| (H2) antagonists decrease the volume and increase the pH of gastric secretions both during the day and the night |
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Term
| HMG-CoA reductase enzyme inhibitors |
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Definition
| also knwons as the statins; antilipemic agents that inhibit hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzymes, the enzyme that stimulates the conersion of HMG-CoA to mecalonic acid, a precursor in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, this reducing the potential for atherosclerosis |
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Term
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Definition
| used to decrease the production or increase the excretion of uric acid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hormone required for glucose transport to the cells |
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Term
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Definition
| used to prevent physiologic lactation |
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Term
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Definition
| act by a variety of mechansims to treat constipation |
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Term
| low molecular weight heparins |
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Definition
| derivatives of heparin; anticoagulants for the prophylactic treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism and deep vein thrombosis |
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Term
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Definition
| agents that block monoamine oxidase, thereby preventing the degradation and prolonging the action of norepinephrine and serotonin |
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Term
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Definition
| erthyomycin, azithromycin, and related antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
steroids that cause the kidneys to retain sodium and water |
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Term
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Definition
| cause constriction of the iris |
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Term
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Definition
| reduce the thickness and stickiness of pulmonary secretions by acting directly on the mucous plugs to dissolve them |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cause dilation of the iris |
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Term
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Definition
| skeletal muscle relaxants used to produce muscle relaxation during anesthesia; reduce the use and side effects of general anesthetics; used to ease endotracheal intubation and prevent laryngospasm |
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Term
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Definition
| metabolize to nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator used to treat angina |
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Term
| nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) |
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Definition
| these "aspirin-like" drugs are chemically unrelated to the salicylates but are prostaglandin inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
| centrally acting analgesic agents related to morphine |
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Term
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Definition
| used for birth control; administered orally |
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Term
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Definition
| used in type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glucose metabolism and lower blood glucose levels |
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Term
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Definition
| steroids regulating endometrial and myometrial function; used alone or in combination w estrogen for oral contraception |
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Term
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Definition
| saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, and related drugs; block the maturation of human immunodeficiency viruses; HIV infections |
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Term
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Definition
| effective as analgesics, antipyretics, and antiinflammatory agents |
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Term
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Definition
| given to an individual to produce relaxation and rest; do not necessarilt produce sleep |
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Term
| selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRRIs) |
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Definition
| antidepressants that act by specifically blocking the reuptake of serotonin, thus prolonging its action |
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Term
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Definition
| used to block serotonin; prevent emesis induced by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) block the synthesis of cholesterol |
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Term
| stool softeners or fecal softeners |
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Definition
| draw water into the stool, thereby softening it. |
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Term
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Definition
| mimic the action of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
| mimic the action fo dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
| a specific group of drugs (alteplase, anistreplase, stretokinase, urokinase) given to dissolve existing blood clots |
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Term
| thyroid hormone antagonists |
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Definition
| used to counteract or block action of excessive formation of thyroid hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| used when thyroid hormones are not being produced or are not produced in sufficient quantities to meet the body's physiologic needs |
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Term
| tricyclic antidepressants |
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Definition
| inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (inclide doxepin, amitriptyline, and imipramine) |
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Term
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Definition
| act on the tubules of the kidneys to enhance the excretion of uric acid |
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Term
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Definition
| produce a local anesthetic effect on the mucosa of the ureters and bladder to relieve burning, pain, urgency, and frequency associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) |
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Term
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Definition
substances excreted and concentrated in the urine in sufficient amounts to have an antiseptic effect on the urine and the urinary tract |
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Term
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Definition
| used primarily to prevent preterm labor and delivery |
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Term
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Definition
| increase the frequency or strength or uterine contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| suspensions of eith live, attnuated, or killed bacteeria or viruses administered to induce immunity against infection fo specufuc bacteria or viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
| relax the arteriolar smooth muscle, causing a dilation of the blood vessels |
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