H2 Receptor antagonist

antacids

Indication:

hyperacidity: peptic ulcers, GERD

Mechanism of action:

blocks the H2 receptor of acid-producing parietal cells making them less responsive to histamine

Drugs:

• Gaviscon(aluminum carbonate and hydroxide salt)
• Mylanta(aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide)
• Alka-Seltzers(sodium bicarbonate salt)
• milk of magnesia(magnesium hydroxide)
• Tums(calcium carbonate)
• Pecid(famotidine)
• Zantac(ranitidine)
• Tagamet(cimetidine)

Proton Pump Inhibitor

antacids

Indication:

duodenal ulcers, NSAID induced ulcers, poor response to H2 receptor antagonist

Mechanism of action:

inhibit the activity of proton pumps and are used to inhibit gastric acid secretion

Drugs:

• Prilosec (omperazole)
• Prevacid (lansoprazole)
• Protonix (pantoprazole

Antidiarrheal

adsorbents

Indication: for milder cases of diarrhea

Mechanism of action:

coats the wall of the GI tract and absorbs bacteria

Drugs:

• Pepto Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate)
• Colestid (colestipol)
• LoCholest (cholestyramine)

Antidiarrheal

antichlolinergic

Indication:severe cases of diarrhea

Mechanism of action:

work to slowly peristalsis by reducing rhymin contractions and smooth muscle tone of the GI tract

Drug

• Donnatal(belladonna alkaloids/phenobarbital/ atrpoine/ hyoscyamine/scopolamine) 

Antidiarrheal

Intestinal flora modifiers

Indication: patients with antibiotic-induced diarrhea

Mechanism of action:work by replinishing the body's normal bacteria flora that causes diarrhea

Drug:

• Bacid (Lactobacillus Acidophilus)
• Culturelle (Lactobacillus GG)

Antidiarrheal

opiates

Indication: severe cases of diarrhea

Mechanism of action:

reduces bowel motility and reduction of pain associated with diarrhea by relief of rectal spasms

Drug:

•  Imodium (loperamide)
• Lomotil (diphenoxylate with atropine)

Laxatives

bulk-forming

Indication:acute and chronic constipation, irritable bowel syndrome

Mechanism of action:absorbs water into the intestines which increases the bulk and distends the bowel to intiate reflex bowel activity=bowel movement

Drugs:

• Metamucil (psyllium)
• Citrucel (methylcellulose)

Laxative

emollient

Indication:acute and chronic constipation, fecal impaction

Mechanism of action: "stool softeners" work by lowering the surface tension of the GI fluids so the more water and fat are absorbed through the stools

"lubricant laxatives" work by lubricating fecal material and the intestinal wall

Drugs:

• Colace (docusate sodium)
• Fleet Oil (mineral oil)

Laxative

hyperosmotic

Indication:chronic constipation, bowel prep for surgery

Mechanism of action:work by increasing fecal water content, which results in distention, increase peristalsis and evacuation.

Drugs:

• Colyte (polyethylene glycol)
• Enulose (lactulose
• Fleet (glycerin)

Laxative

stimulant

Indication: acute constipation, bowel prep for surgery

Mechanism of action:

stimulates the nerves the innervate the intestines also increase fluid in the colon

Drugs:

• Dulcolax (bisacodyl)
• Senokot (senna)

Pituitary drugs

anterior

Indication:replacement hormone therapy

Mechanism of action:augment or antagonize the natural effects of the pituitary hormones

Drugs:

• Cortrosyn (cosyntropin)-cortisol secretion hormone
• Humatrope (somatotropin)-growth hormone
• Thyrogen (thyrotropin)-thyroid hormone

Pituitary drugs

posterior

Indication:excessive thirst, polyuria, and dehydration

Mechanism of action: mimic action of naturally occuring antidiuretic hormone affecting renal water conservation (ADH) reducing water excretion

Drugs:

• Pitressin (vasopressin)
• Stimate (desmopressin)

Thyroid replacement

hypothyroidism

Indication: euthyroid

Mechanism of action: work to induce changes in the metablic rate incl. protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and axygen consumption, body temp., cellular growth

Drugs:

• T4 (levothyroxine)
• T3 (liothyronine)
• T3 & T4 (liotrix)

Antithyroid drugs

hyperthyroidism

Indication:hyperthyroidism

Mechanism of action: work by inhibiting the incorporation of iodine molecules into the amino acid tyrosine -impede the formation of thyroid hormone

Drugs:

• Synthroid, Levoxyl (levothyroxine)
• propylthiouracil

Antidiabetic

insulin

Indication:type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Mechanism of action:serves to replace the insulin that is either not made at all or is made defectively in the body of a diabetic patient

Drugs:

• Humulin R (regular insulin)- short acting
• Lantus (insulin glargine)- long acting 
• Novolog (insulin aspart)-rapid acting
• Humalog (insulin lispro)-rapid acting

Antidiabetic

Biguanide

Indication:type 2 diabetes mellitus

Mechanism of action: works by decreasing glucose production by the liver

Drugs:

• Glucophage (metformin)

Antidiabetics

sulfonylureas

Indication:type 2 diabetes patients who's A1C levels remain elevated after metformin is taken

Mechanism of action: bind to specific receptors in beta cells in the pancreas to stimulate the release of insulin

Drugs:

• Glucotrol (glipizide)

Antidiabetic

glinides

Indication:type 2 diabetes

Mechanism of action: increase insulin secretion from the pancreas shorter duration than sulfonylureas

Drugs:

• Prandin (repaglinide)
• Starlix (nateglinide)

Antidiabetic

thiazolidinediones

Indication:management of type 2 diabetes

Mechanism of action: work by decreasing insulin resistance by enhancing the sensitivity of insulin receptors

Drugs:

• Actos (pioglitazone)
• Avandia (rosiglitazone)

Antidiabetic

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Indication: treat type 2 diabetes

Mechanism of action: work by reversibly inhibiting the enzyme alpha-glucosidase that is found in the small intestines

Drugs:

• Precose (acarbose)
• Glyset (miglitol)

Antidiabetic drug

amylin mimetics

Indication:type 1 or  type 2 diabetes patients receiving meal time insulin without optimal glucose control

Mechanism of action: work by mimicking the action of the natural hormone amylin

Drugs:

• Symlin (pramlintide)

Antidiabetic drug

incretin mimetics

Indication:type 2 diabetes patients who have been unable to acheive blood glucose control with metformin, a sulfonylurea and/or glitazone

Mechanism of action: work by stimulating the release of the body's natural insulin in response to high sugar levels after a meal-lowering blood sugar

Drugs:

• Byetta (exenatide)
• Januvia (sitagliptin)