Term
Trade Name: Pentothal
Generic Name: Thiopental
Classification: Anesthetic
Dosage: 500mg, 1g, 2.5g, 5g
Route: Inj |
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Definition
Indication: general anesthesia induction and general anesthesia maintenance
Effects on body: Reduction in neuronal activity.The effectiveness of thiopental in reducing intracranial pressure is attributable to its ability to decrease cerebral blood flow and volume by increasing cerebral vascular resistance. Potential mechanisms of action include a reduction in cerebral metabolic rate, inhibition of vasoparalysis, and free radical scavenger activity.
Side effects: adrenal insuficiency, anemia, asthma, hypotension, shock, renal impairment, renal failure |
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Term
Trade Name: Diprivan
Generic Name: Propofol
Classification: nonbarbiturate anesthetic
Dosage: 10mg/ml
Route: IV, Inj |
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Definition
Indication: general anesthesia induction, maintenance, sedation
Effects on body: Propofol activates chloride channels in the β1 subunit of gama-aminobutyric (GABA), but it is unknown if propofol binds directly to the receptor, binding sites, or if the effects are a result of mediation of distinct mechanisms, such as second messengers.
Side effects: asthma, angina, seosis, stroke |
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Term
Trade Name: Novocain
Generic Name: Procain
Classification: anesthetic (short acting)
Dosage: 1%, 2%, 10%
Route: Injection |
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Definition
Indication: anesthetic for procedures (ex: dental, infiltration, local anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, spinal, sympathetic nerve block
Effects on body: Like all local anesthetics, procaine causes a reversible blockade of nerve conduction by decreasing nerve membrane permeability to sodium. This decreases the rate of membrane depolarization, thereby increasing the threshold for electrical excitability. The blockade affects all nerve fibers in the following sequence: autonomic, sensory, and motor, with effects diminishing in reverse order.
Side effects: AV block, infection, hypertension, hypotension, shock |
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Term
Trade Name: Dramamine
Generic Name: Dimenhydrinate
Classification: antihistamine
Dosage: 25mg, 50mg
Route: PO |
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Definition
Indication: motion sickness, nausea/vomiting, vertigo
Effects on body: The anticholinergic effects of dimenhydrinate are proposed to inhibit vestibular stimulation which occurs during motion sickness and vertigo
Side effects: asthma, bronchitis, cardia arrhythmias, constipation, seizures, urinary retention |
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Term
Trade Name:
Generic Name: Morphine
Classification: Analegesic (opiate agonists)
Dosage: 15mg, 10 mg, 30 mg, 120 mg, 10mg/5ml, 100mg/5ml
Route: PO, Inj, Solution |
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Definition
Indication: moderate pain, severe pain
Effects on body: Morphine is a potent mu-opiate receptor agonist. Opiate receptors includemu (mu), kappa (kappa), and delta (delta. Blocks pain mechanism, causes severe constipation slowing everything down in GI tract
Side effects: angina, asthma, coma, urinary retention |
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Term
Trade Name: Dolophine
Generic Name: Methadone
Classification: Analgesics (opiate agonists)
Dosage: 5mg, 10mg, 40mg, 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml
Route: PO, Inj, Solution |
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Definition
Indication: severe pain, opiate dependence or withdrawal
Effects on body: Methadone is a potent µ-opiate receptor agonist. Opiate receptors include µ (mu), kappa (kappa), and delta (delta)
Side effects: angina, anxiety, asthma, respiratory depression, constipation, hypoxemia |
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Term
Trade Name: Demerol
Generic Name: Meperidine
Classification: Analgesics (opiate agonists)
Dosage: 50mg, 100mg, 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 75mg/ml
Route: PO, Inj, Solution |
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Definition
Indication: general anesthesia maintaince, moderate pain, sedation inductions, severe pain
Effects on body: Meperidine is a mu- and kappa-opiate receptor agonist that also has local anesthetic effects.
Side effects: angina, asthma, hypotension |
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Term
Trade Name: Narcan
Generic Name: Naloxone
Classification: Antidotes (opiate antagonsits)
Dosage: 50mg/0.5mg, 0.4mg/ml, 1mg/ml, 0.02mg/ml
Route: PO, Inj, Solution |
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Definition
Indication: opiate agonist overdose, induced respiratory depression
Effects on body: pure antagonist with little or no agonistic activity. Opiate receptors include mu, kappa, and delta.
Side effects: hypersensitivity |
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Term
Trade Name: Phenergan
Generic Name: Promethazine
Classification: Antiemetic
Recommended Dose: 12.5, 25 and 50 mg tablets
ROA: Oral, suppositories or IV |
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Definition
How works in body: blocks acetylcholine receptors
Drug Uses: tx of nausea
Side Effects: bradycardia, bradypnea, twitching, hallucinatons |
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Term
Trade Name: Streptase
Generic Name: Streptokinase
Classification: Thrombolytic
Recommended Dose: 1,500,000 IU within 60 min.
ROA: IV or Intracoronary |
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Definition
How works in body:stimulates extra production of plasmin
Drug Uses: tx of acute MI, lysis of pulmonary emboli
Side Effects: nausea \ dizziness, low blood pressure |
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Term
Trade Name: Activase
Generic Name: Alteplase
Classification: tissue-type plasminogen activator/fibrinolytic
Recommended Dose: 15 mg injection followed by 50 mg or 0.75 mg/kg (up to 50 mg) infused over 30 minutes then 35 mg or 0.5 mg/kg (up to 35 mg) over 60 minutes. The total dose is 100 mg. |
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Definition
How works in body:attaching to the fibrin in abnormal blood clots, such as those in the arteries supplying the heart. It then activates the production of plasmin, which causes the clots to disintegrate. This unblocks the blood vessel and allows blood flow to resume to the affected organ.
Drug Uses: MI, pulm emobolism
Side Effects: arythmias, hypotension, chest pain |
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Term
Trade Name: Neostigmine
Generic Name: prostigmin
Classification: Anticholinesterase muscle stimulant
Recommended Dose: 25-50 mcg/kilo
ROA: Intramuscular, subcutaneous or slow intravenous injection |
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Definition
How works in body: by interfering with the breakdown of acetylcholine, neostigmine indirectly stimulates both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
Drug Uses: used to improve muscle tone in people with myasthenia gravis and routinely in anesthesia to reverse the effects of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants
Side Effects: headache, blurred vision, bradycardia |
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Term
Trade Name: Tensilon or Enlon
Generic Name: Edrophonium
Classification: Cholinergic muscle stimulant
Recommended Dose: 0.05 to 0.1 mL/kg
ROA: IV |
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Definition
How works in body:prevents breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, mainly at the neuromuscular junction
Drug Uses: used to differentiate myasthenia gravis from cholinergic crisis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Side Effects: bradycardia, weakness, nausea |
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Term
Trade Name: Tubocurarine chloride
Classification: Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
Recommended Dose: 3 mg/ml
ROA: IV |
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Definition
How works in body: block the cholinergic transmission between somatic motor nerve endings and the nicotninc receptors on the end plate of skeletal muscle
Drug Uses: Muscle relaxant during surgery or setting of fractures and dislocations; spasticity caused by injury to or disease of CNS. Treat seizures electrically induced or induced by drugs. Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
Side Effects: Apnea, Cardiovascular collapse, Ganglionic blockage, Postoperative respiratory failure |
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Term
Trade Name: Pancuronium Bromide
Generic Name: Pavulon
Classification: Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
Recommended Dose: 0.04 to 0.1 mg/kg
ROA: IV |
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Definition
How works in body: competitive acetylcholine antagonist on neuromuscular junctions
Drug Uses: adjunct to general anesthesia, to facilitate tracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.
Side Effects: hypotension, problems with circulation, bronchospasm |
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Term
Trade Name: Anectine
Generic Name: Suxamethonium chloride/succinylcholine
Classification: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
Recommended Dose: 0.6 mg/kg
ROA: injection |
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Definition
How works in body: acts on nicotinic receptors resulting in persistent depolarization of the motor end plate
Drug Uses: induce muscle relaxation and short-term paralysis, usually to facilitate tracheal intubation
Side Effects: malignant hyperthermia, hyperkalaemia, and anaphylaxis |
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Term
Trade Name: Cyclobenzaprine
Generic Name: Flexeril
Class: Muscle Relaxer
ROA: Oral
Dosage: Tablet 10mg |
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Definition
| Relives skeletal muscle system of local origin without interfering with muscle function. Adjuct to restrand physical therapy. |
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Term
Trade Name: Carisoprodol
Generic Name: Soma
Classification: Musle Relaxer
Dose: Tablet
ROA: Oral |
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Definition
HOW-Musle relaxer that works by blocking pain sensations between nerves and the brain.
USE-Impairs your thinking or reactions, paralysis, weakness,lightheadedness, increase heart rate, and can cause seizures |
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Term
Trade name: Diazepam
Generic Name: Valium
Class: Benzodiazepine
Doseage: Tablet
2,5,or 10 mg
ROA: Oral |
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Definition
HOW-Manages anxiety ot the short term relief of the symptoms of anxiety.
SE-Confusion,depression, dysarthria, headache, tremors, and vertigo |
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Term
Trade: Midazolam
Generic: Versed
Class: Short acting Benzodiazepine
ROA: Injection
Dosage: |
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Definition
HOW- Reduces anxiety or produced drowsiness or anesthesia before procedures.
SE- Blurred vision,change in BP, breathing and HR issues, nausea, and pain |
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Term
Trade Name: Zolpidem
Generic Name: Ambien
Classification: Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic
ROA: Tablet
Reccomended Dose: Oral 10mg |
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Definition
How- helps patients fall asleep who have imsomnia.
SE- rash, itching, hives, change in vision, confusion, depressed mood, faint, or lightheadedness |
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Term
Trade Name: Phenobarbital
Generic Name: Barbituate
Class: anticovulsant
Dose: Tablet
ROA: Oral |
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Definition
How- Can be used to help sleep or treat seizures.
SE- rash,itching, hives, breathing problems, fever, chills, or sore throat. |
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Term
Trade Name: Phenytoin
Generic Name: Dilantin
Classification: Anti-epileptic/anticovulsant
Dosage: extended release capsule
ROA: Oral |
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Definition
How- SLows down impulses in the brain that causes seizures.
SE- Fever, Swollen glands, body aches, flu symptoms, skin rash |
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Term
Heparin;unfractionated heparin
class;Anticoagulant
route; sub q inj, IV
dose; 47 units/kg-600 units/kg IV
30-40 mg sub q
Short half life |
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Definition
ind; venous thromboembolism, PE, AFib, DVT
body; binds with antithrombin III to inhibit the conversion of thrombin to Fibrinogen
SE; hemorrhage, hematoma, thrombocytopenia, hyperkalemia, increased liver enzymes |
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Term
enoxaparin;lovenox
class; low molecular weight heparin (anitcoagulant)
dose; same as heparin
Long half life |
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Definition
ind; same as heparin
body; same as heparin, just longer half life
se; same as heparin |
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Term
Warfarin;coumadin
class; anticoagulant
dose; 1-10 mg tablet
5 mg IV powder for solution |
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Definition
ind; same as heparin
body; inhibit vitamin K which inhibits the conversion of thromboplastin to pro thrombin
Se; same as heparin |
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Term
Glipizide;glucotrol
class; hypoglycemic
dose; 5-10 mg tablet
route; oral-30 mins before meal |
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Definition
ind; diabetes mellitius type 2
body; stimulate insulin secretion from pancreas in response to a meal. also increases insulin sesnsitivity and decreases hepatic glucose production |
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Term
Nitrous oxide; laughing gas
class; anesthetic
dose; 70% NOS to 30% O2
route;inhalation |
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Definition
ind;general anestesia in combination with O2 and another stronger anesthetic
Body; binds to protein-binding site in the Neurons of the CNS
Se;hypoxia, mental confusion, respiratory distress, neuropathy |
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Term
Halothane; ethrane, enflerane
class;anesthetic
dose; labor/delivery: 0.25-1% concentration
General anesthesia: 2-4.5% mixed with NOS |
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Definition
ind; general anesthesia, analgesia for labor/delivery
body; rapid-acting general anesthetic drug that causes muscle relaxation and decreases pharygeal and laryngeal reflexes
Se; N/V, cardiac dysrhythmia, hypotension, seizure |
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Term
Clopidogrel;plavix
class; anitplatelet
dose; loading 300-600 tablety
maintenance 75 mg tablet
route; oral |
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Definition
ind;MI, thrombosis, prophylazis, cerebrovascular accidents
body; inhibits platelet aggregation, doesnt allow for release of thromboplastin
Se; peptic ulcer, renal disfunction, hypertension, pulmonary dysfunction |
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Term
Odansetron; Zofran
class; anitemetic
dose; IM- 2mg/ml
IV- 32mg/50ml
Tablet- 4-8 mg
Route; IM, IV, oral tablet |
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Definition
ind; chemo-therapy induced N/V
body; blocks 5-HT3 receptor peripherally in valgul nerve terminals
Se; AFib, prolonged QT-interval, Torsades de Pointes |
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