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Drug Cards
drug cards
22
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
01/12/2012

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Cards

Term
Haldol - haloperidol
Definition
Classification - antipsychotics

Therapeutic Action - Diminished signs and symptoms of psychoses

Usual disease Process - Acute and chronic psychotic disorders including schizophrenia, manic states, drug-induced psychoses, Tourette's syndrome

Side Effects - EPS reactions, blurred vision, dry eyes, constipation, dry mouth

Adverse Effects - NMS, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, SEIZURES
Term
Elavil - amitriptyline
Definition
Classification - antidepressants

Therapeutic Action - Antidepressant action

Usual disease Process - Depression

Side Effects - lethargy, sedation, blurred vision, dry eyes, dry mouth, hypotension, constipation

Adverse Effects - SUICIDAL THOUGHTS, ARRHYTHMIAS
Term
Prolixin Decanoate - fluphenazine
Definition
Classification - antipsychotics

Therapeutic Action - Diminished signs and symptoms of psychoses

Usual disease Process - Acute and chronic psychoses

Side Effects - EPS reactions, photosensitivity

Adverse Effects - NMS, AGRANULOCYTOSIS
Term
Tofranil -imipramine
Definition
Classification - antidepressants

Therapeutic Action - Antidepressant action that develops slowly over several weeks

Usual disease Process - Various forms of depression and enuresis in children

Side Effects - drowsiness, fatigue, blurred vision, dry eyes, constipation, dry mouth

Adverse Effects - ARRHYTHMIAS
Term
Risperdal - risperidone
Definition
Classification - antipsychotics, mood stabilizers

Therapeutic Action - Decreased symptoms of psychoses, bipolar mania, or autism

Usual disease Process - Schizophrenia in adults and adolescents age 13–17 yr

Short-term treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with Bipolar I Disorder, Treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder in children age 5–16

Side Effects - aggressive behavior, dizziness, EPS reactions, headache,increased dreams, increased sleep duration, insomnia, sedation, pharyngitis, rhinitis, visual disturbances, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, nausea, decreased libido, dysmenorrhea/menorrhagia, itching/skin rash

Adverse Effects - NMS, SUICIDAL THOUGHTS, AGRANULOCYTOSIS
Term
Zoloft - sertraline
Definition
Classification – antidepressants, SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

Therapeutic Action - Antidepressant action, Decreased incidence of panic attacks, Decreased obsessive and compulsive behavior, Decreased feelings of intense fear, helplessness, or horror, Decreased social anxiety, Decrease in premenstrual dysphoria

Usual disease Process - Major depressive disorder, Panic disorder, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Social anxiety disorder (social phobia), Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

Side Effects - dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, insomnia, diarrhea, dry mouth, nausea, sexual dysfunction, increased sweating, tremor

Adverse Effects - NMS, SUICIDAL THOUGHTS, SEROTONIN SYNDROME
Term
Seroquel - quetiapine
Definition
Classification - antipsychotics, mood stabilizers

Therapeutic Action - Decreased manifestations of psychoses, depression, or acute mania

Usual disease Process – Schizophrenia, Depressive episodes with bipolar disorder, Acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder (as monotherapy or with lithium or divalproex), Maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder (with lithium or divalproex)

Side Effects - dizziness, weight gain
Adverse Effects - NMS, SEIZURES
Term
Abilify - aripiprazole
Definition
Classification - antipsychotics, mood stabilizers

Therapeutic Action - Decreased manifestations of schizophrenia, Decreased mania in bipolar patients, Decreased symptoms of depression, Decreased agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, Decreased emotional and behavioral symptoms of irritability

Usual disease Process – Schizophrenia, Acute and maintenance therapy of manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder, Adjunctive treatment of depression in adults, Agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, Irritability associated with autistic disorder in children

Side Effects - drowsiness, EPS reactions, constipation, tremor

Adverse Effects - SUICIDAL THOUGHTS, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, NMS
Term
Cymbalta - duloxetine
Definition
Classification - antidepressants, selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

Therapeutic Action - Decreased depressive symptomatology, Decreased neuropathic pain, Decreased symptoms of anxiety, Decreased pain

Usual disease Process - Major depressive disorder, Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, Generalized anxiety disorder, Fibromyalgia, Chronic musculoskeletal pain (including chronic lower back pain and chronic pain from osteoarthritis)

Side Effects - fatigue, drowsiness, insomnia, decreased appetite, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, dysuria, increased sweating

Adverse Effects - NMS, SEIZURES, SUICIDAL THOUGHTS, HEPATOTOXICITY, SEROTONIN SYNDROME
Term
Ativan - lorazepam
Definition
Classification - analgesic adjuncts, antianxiety agents, sedative/hypnotics, benzodiazepines

Therapeutic Action – Sedation, Decreased anxiety, Decreased seizures
Usual disease Process - Anxiety disorder (oral), Preoperative sedation (injection), Decreases preoperative anxiety and provides amnesia

Side Effects - dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy,

Adverse Effects - APNEA, CARDIAC ARREST
Term
Effexor - venlafaxine
Definition
Classification – antidepressants, antianxiety agents

Therapeutic Action – Decrease in depressive symptomatology, with fewer relapses/recurrences, Decreased anxietyDecrease in panic attacks

Usual disease Process – Major depressive disorder, Generalized anxiety disorder (Effexor XR only), Social anxiety disorder (Effexor XR only), Panic disorder (Effexor XR only)

Side Effects - abnormal dreams, anxiety, dizziness, headache, insomnia, nervousness, weakness, rhinitis, visual disturbances, abdominal pain, altered taste, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, sexual dysfunction, ecchymoses, paresthesia,

Adverse Effects - NMS, SEIZURES, SUICIDAL THOUGHTS, SEROTONIN SYNDROME
Term
XANAX
Definition
Generic & Trade Name
alprazolam/xanax

Classification
antianxiety agents

Therapeutic Action
CNS Depression

Usual disease Process
Person is manic/anxious

Side Effects
dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion, hangover, headache, mental depression, paradoxical excitation.

Adverse Effects
physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance.
Term
WELLBUTRIN
Definition
Generic & Trade Name
buPROPion, Budeprion XL, Wellbutrin

Classification
aminoketones

Therapeutic Action
Antidepressant
Decreased reabsorption of dopamine in CNS

Usual disease Process
Used for chronic depression

Side Effects
agitation, headache, depression, hostility, insomnia, mania, psychoses.

Adverse Effects
SEIZURES, SUICIDAL THOUGHTS/BEHAVIOR,
Term
Klonopin
Definition
Generic & Trade Name
clonazepam, Klonopin

Classification
anticonvulsants

Therapeutic Action
Stimulates inhibitory GABA receptors causing sedation
Reduces panic/mania

Usual disease Process
Episodes of mania/ panic

Side Effects
behavioral changes,drowsiness, fatigue, slurred speech, ataxia, sedation

Adverse Effects
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS
Term
Librium
Definition
Generic & Trade Name
Chlordiazepoxide mitran, Librium

Classification
Antianxiety/sedative/hypnotic

Therapeutic Action
• Acts at many levels of the CNS to produce anxiolytic effect
• Depresses the CNS, probably by potentiating GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter

Usual disease Process
Periods of heightened stress, inability to sleep

Side Effects
dizziness, drowsiness, hangover, headache, mental depression, paradoxical excitation, sedation

Adverse Effects
physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance.
Term
Buspar
Definition
Generic & Trade Name
busPIRone, BuSpar

Classification
Antianxiety

Therapeutic Action
Binds to serotonin and dopamine receptors in the brain

Usual disease Process
Episodes of heightened stress

Side Effects
dizziness, drowsiness, excitement, fatigue,headache, insomnia, nervousness, weakness,

Adverse Effects
tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension, syncope.
Term
Nardil
Definition
Generic & Trade Name
phenelzine, Nardil


Classification
Antidepressant

Therapeutic Action
Inhibits the enzyme monoamine oxidase, resulting in an accumulation of various neurotransmitters (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin) in the body

Usual disease Process
Chronic depression

Side Effects
dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue,headache, hyperreflexia, insomnia, tremor,twitching, weakness,

Adverse Effects
SEIZURES, HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS
Term
Lithium
Definition
Generic & Trade Name
Lithobid, Lithium

Classification
Mood stabilizer

Therapeutic Action
Alters cation transport in nerve and muscle
• May also influence reuptake of neurotransmitters

Usual disease Process
Episodes of mania and depression

Side Effects
fatigue, headache, impaired memory, ataxia, sedation, confusion, dizziness,

Adverse Effects
seizures
Term
Depakote
Definition
Generic & Trade Name
Valproates, Depakote

Classification
Anticonvulsants

Therapeutic Action
Increase levels of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

Usual disease Process
Over excited neurotransmitters cause convulsions/mania

Side Effects
agitation, dizziness,headache, insomnia, sedation, confusion, depression.

Adverse Effects
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS, HEPATOTOXICITY, PANCREATITIS HYPERAMMONEMIA. HYPERAMMONEMIA.
Term
Lamictal
Definition
Generic & Trade Name
Lamotrigine, Lamictal

Classification
Anticonvulsants

Therapeutic Action
Stabilizes neuronal membranes by inhibiting sodium transport

Usual disease Process
Over stimulated neurons cause mania/convulsions

Side Effects
ataxia, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting.

Adverse Effects
ASEPTIC MENINGITIS, SUICIDAL THOUGHTS, STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME.
Term
Aricept
Definition
Generic & Trade Name
Donepezil, Aricept

Classification
Anti-alzheimer’s agent

Therapeutic Action
Inhibits acetylcholinesterase thus improving cholinergic function by making more acetylcholine available

Usual disease Process
Not enough acetylcholine available reduces memory function

Side Effects
headache, abnormal dreams, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, insomnia, syncope,

Adverse Effects
sedation (unusual). weight gain (unusual)
Term
Namenda
Definition
Generic & Trade Name
Memantine, Namenda

Classification
Anti-Alzheimer agent

Therapeutic Action
Anti-Alzheimer agent
Binds to CNS N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor sites, preventing binding of glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter

Usual disease Process
Not enough acetylcholine available reduces memory function

Side Effects
dizziness, fatigue, headache, sedation.

Adverse Effects
hypertension
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