Term
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Definition
Oral Hypoglycemic
Decrease blood sugar by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas and incresing sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites.
May also decrease hepatic glucose production.
Monitor blood sugar and asses for hypoglycemia
Give 30 mins before meals and not after last meal of day.
SE: dizziness photosensitivity and blood dyscrasias (monitor CBC) |
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Term
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Definition
Long Lasting Insulin
consistent conc. insulin but no peak.
Give sq at same time each day. Is clear solution.
Cannot mix with any other insulin.
Assess BS before adm. Assess for hypo and hyperglycemia (70-105)
Onset: 1 hour Peak: none significant Duration:24 hours
SE: hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy. |
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Term
Lisinopril
(Zestril, Prinivil) |
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Definition
Ace Inhibitor
Lowers BP.
Doesn't let angiotensin II convert to angiotension II. Result is vasodialation. May have rapid hypotension 1-3 hours after 1st dose so observe closely.
SE: Hypotension, taste disturbance, proteinuria, blood dyscrasia, dry cough, H/A, dizziness, Increased K+ |
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Term
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Definition
Calcium Channel Blocker
Inhibits the transport of calcium into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in inhibition of contraction. Results in decreasing BP and decreses angina.
Give with or without food.
Do NOT administer with GRAPEFRUIT juice.
Monitor: BP, Assess angina
SE: H/A, hypotension, peripheral edema, |
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Term
HCTZ HydorDIURIL
hydochlorothiazide |
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Definition
Thiazide Diuretic
Increases excretion of Na and water by inhibiting Na reabsorption in the kidney's distal tubule. Decreases BP, decreases edema, increase diuresis,
Give in AM to decrease nocturia.
Assess K+ (3.5-5.0), Assess I&O check for edema. |
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Term
Aldactone
(spironolactone) |
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Definition
Potassium- Sparing Diuretic
Weak diuretic effect. Counteracts K+ loss from other diuretics. Often used with thiazide diuretics. Conserves potassium. Give in am to decrease nocturia. Give with food or milk to decrease GI distress and increase bioavailability.
Assess BP and K+ levels
SE: increase K+, dizziness, |
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Term
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Definition
NSAID
Used for inflammatory disorders- RA, OA, gout, Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. Also reduces pain. Give with food to reduce GI distress.
Assess joint mobility and reduction of pain.
SE: H/A, Dizziness, drowsiness |
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Term
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Definition
Antiplatlet
Platelet aggregation inhibitor. Reduces incidence of MI, CVA, TIA, blood clots. Give with or without food.
Assess for bleeding, Many drug interactions so assess for other meds
SE: GI bleeding, bruising, occult bleeding, |
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Term
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Definition
Anticoagulant
Pregnancy category X.
Used to prevent blood clots.
Give PO at same time each day. Dose is correlated with protime (PT) or INR.
Assess and observe for bruising, occult bleeding. Many drug interactions
SE: Bleeding. High alert drug give carefully.
Antidote is vitamin K+ (AquaMephyton).
(PT=11.0-12.5secs)
(PT =therapeutic coag. = 1.5 to 2x normal)
(INR= therapeutic level is 2.0 -3.5) |
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Term
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Definition
Antacid/laxitive
Neutralizes gastric acid, draws fluids into the GI tract and causes peristalsis.
Antacid dose =5-15 ml;
Laxative dose= 30-60ml.
Give with a full glass of water when given as laxative.
Monitor reduction of GI distress
Assess I & O assess BM results |
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Term
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Definition
Anit-ulcer
Proton pump inhibitor, decreases accumulation of acid in gastirc lumen / c decrease GERD, healing of duodenal ulcers.
Given PO. Okay to adminster with antacids. Administer ac, preferably in am. Capsules should be taken whole do not crush or chew.
Assess for abdominal pain, tarry stools or diarrhea. |
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Term
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Definition
Antiemetic
Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting, postoperative and from chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Given po, IM, & IV.
May be affected by drugs that alter live enzyme activity.
SE: EPS, H/A, constipation, diarrhea. |
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Term
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Definition
GI protectant
Management/prevention of duodenal ulcers. Reacts with gastric acid to form a thick paste which selectively adheres to the ulcer surface.
SE: constipation.
Give on empty stomach one hour before meals and at bedtime. |
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Term
Albuterol
(Proventil / Ventolin) |
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Definition
Bronchodilator
Opens airways. Given for asthma,bronchospasm, COPD.
Give po or as inhalation.
As inhalation provides quick relief.
SE: restless, nervousness, tremors, palpitaions chest pain, increase BP. Excessive use may lead to tolerance or paradoxical broncho-spasm. Beta blocker may decrease effect. |
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Term
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Definition
Antilipemic
Pregnancy category X
Used to decrease cholesterol- total and LDL.
Take po with evening meal. Do not administer with grapefruit juice.
Assess liver function, muscle tenderness.
SE: GI distress, rash, liver damage, muscle changes. |
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Term
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Definition
Biphosphonate
Bone resorption inhibitor. Use reversal of progression of osteoporosis with decrease fractures, Paget's disease.
Take po everyday (10mg) or weekly (70mg). Must be upright 30min after taking. Give only with water. Nothing after administration for 30-60 mins. Calcium supplements, antacids, food and other meds decrease
absorption.
SE- GI distress, esophageal ulcers. |
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