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Details

Drug Allergies
Drug Allergies
20
Pharmacology
Professional
09/19/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is a common sensitivity and not an allergy?
Definition
mild rash and nausea
Term
A true allergy can result in what?
Definition
Acute breathing difficulty, angioedema, and severe skin reactions
Term
What allergy questions should be asked of patients?
Definition

(1) what reaction occured (was it a mild rash, a severe rash with blisters, trouble breathing?)

(2) When did it occur? (about how old were you?)

(3) Can you use similar drugs in the same class (for example, if they report an allergy to penicillin, have they ever used keflex?).

 

When recording reactions, include any food allergies, and latex allergies. Latex allergies should be recorded since some drugs require tubing, have latex vial stoppers, or require gloves for administration

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Term
Is stomach upset a true allergy?
Definition

NO!

 

This is commonly reported as an allergy, and should be listed as a reaction (since it bothered the patient). But it's not a true allergy. Many patients get stomach upset from codeine (but not hydrocodone) or from erythromycin (but not azithromycin).

Term
Peanuts and ___ are in the same family and can have cross - reactivity.
Definition
soy
Term
Parents of children with peanut allergies should be trained in CPR and carry what type of pen with them?
Definition

EpiPen

 

Term
What are some drugs to avoid in peanut allergy?
Definition

Ipratropium/albuterol (Combivent) - there should be a new formulation without soy lecithin

 

Clevidipine (Cleviprex)

 

Propofol (Diprivan)

Term
A person with a true egg allergy can't eat what?
Definition
Birthday Cake!
Term
Those with egg allergies can't use what drugs?
Definition

Seasonal and H1N1 influenza shots or nasal mists, and a few other vaccines

 

Clevidipine (Cleviprex)

 

Propofol (Diprivan)

Term

If a patient has an allergy to penicillin (or other beta lactams), can they use a drug in the same class?

Definition

NO. In reality, the cross - reactivity between penicillin and other beta lactams is much lower than previously thought (~1%). But the exams are primarily safety - focused and you should not pick an agent that can cross - react. You can also consider desensitization to the drug as well, if appropriate

Term
Which opiods do not cross - react with opoids of the morphine - type?
Definition
Fentanyl (Duragesic), meperidine (Demerol) and methadone (Dolophine)
Term
Opioids can commonly cause histamine - induced skin rash/itching. This can be reduced or avoided if the patient is pre-medicated with what?
Definition
Antihistamines before use (diphenhydramine)
Term
Sufla allergies are most commonly reported with what drug?
Definition
sulfamethoxazole (SMX, in Bactrim, Septra)
Term
Those with a sulfa allergy should avoid using what?
Definition
sulfapyridine, sulfadiazine and sulfisoxazole
Term
Do "non-arylamine" sulfonamides (thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, sulfonylureas, acetazolamide and celecoxib) usually cross react with SMX allergies?
Definition

NO!

 

But on the exam you will likely have to recognize the reaction. Since the cross - reactivity between SMX and thiazides and loops is very small, the reaction is usually not considered when the need for these drugs is present. The patient should be aware to watch for a possible reaction. Sulfites or sulfate allergies do not cross react with a sulfonamide allergy.

Term
Can NSAIDs cause breathig problems in certain indiviuduals?
Definition

Yes.

 

Many people with asthma or chornic nasal congestin (and some other people who don't have these problems) have sensitivity to aspirin.

 

Make sure all asthma patients and anyone with brething difficulty, is asked about aspirin sensitivity.

Term
Which drugs most commonly cause sun sensitivity?
Definition
sulfa antibiotics and tetracyclines
Term
How to, generally, treat anaphylactic reaction?
Definition

epinephrine injection +/- diphenhydramine

 

If a patient has an anaphylactic reaction, they will need to go to the ER right away (or call 911).

 

Term
Swollen airways can be quickly fata and patients who have had such a reaction should carry what?
Definition

injectable epinephrine (EpiPen, Twinject), and include diphenhydramine tablets (25 mg) and emergency contact infromation

Term
How to use an EpiPen?
Definition
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