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Drug Abuse
N/A
53
Pharmacology
Graduate
04/07/2010

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Cards

Term
If someone has developed physical dependence for a drug, then absence of the drug will cause ____________
Definition
withdrawal syndrome
Term
Psychological dependence is known as _____________
Definition
addiction
Term
___________ tolerance is due to induction of liver enzymes for drug metabolism
Definition
pharmacokinetic
Term
___________ tolerance is due to adaptation of receptors.
Definition
pharmacodynamic
Term
what causes opioid tolerance?
Definition
a compensatory increase in adenylate cyclase which restores cAMP that is depleted by opioids
Term
what is the cause of withdrawal symptoms when opiod drugs are stopped?
Definition
there is a huge increase in cAMP because adenylate cyclase was increased during tolerance and is no longer inhibited by opioids
Term
what is the main mechanism of euporia producing drugs of abuse?
Definition
increased dopamine in nucleus accumbens
Term
what is the reward center in the brain?
Definition
nucleus accumbens
Term
How do you treat withdrawal syndrome?
Definition
1)give drug of abuse in a controlled and tapering dose (gradually withdraw from drug)
2)Treat symptoms
Term
What is the molecular target of GHB( gamma hydroxybutyric acid?
Definition
GABA-B receptors (mediated via Gi)
Term
What receptor do opioids act on?
Definition
mu receptor
Term
LSD targets what receptor?
Definition
5-HT2A
Term
What G protein mediates the action of LSD?
Definition
Gq
Term
What is the most important sign seen in acute toxicity with opioids?
Definition
Miosis (pinpoint pupils)
Term
What is the treatment for acute toxicity of opioids (overdose)?
Definition
naloxone
Term
what signs are seen in Grade 0 opioid withdrawal? (2)
Definition
craving
anxiety
Term
what is the most potent alkaloid in smoked marijuana?
Definition
D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Term
D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) acts on what receptor?
Definition
CB1 agonist
Term
Where are cannnibinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 found?
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
What blocks the degradation of Anandamide?
Definition
acetaminophen
Term
What is responsible for degradation on Anadamide?
Definition
fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)
Term
endogenous cannibinoids 2-arachydonyl glycerol and anadamide are __________ messengers.
Definition
retrograde (released at postsynaptic membrane and travel retrogradely to the presynaptic membrane to bind their receptor)
Term
Name 2 endogenous cannibinoids
Definition
1)2-arachydonyl glycerol
2)anaadamide
Term
________ doses of cannabis stimulate apetite
Definition
lower
Term
_______ doses of cannabis initially inhibit apetite then later stimulate it
Definition
higher
Term
What is Dronabinol used for?
Definition
cancer cachexia
HIV-induced wasting syndrome
Term
Name 3 cannabinoids with therpeutic use
Definition
1)Dronabinol
2)Nabilone
3)Rimonabant
Term
What is Nabilone used for?
Definition
adjunct therapy for chronic pain
Term
What is Rimonabant used for? (2)
Definition
1)smoking cessation
2)treatment of obesity
Term
A blood alcohol level greater than _____ might cause death
Definition
0.35
Term
What are the symptoms of alcohol intoxication?
Definition
ataxia, dysarthria, nystagmus, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, disinhibition
Term
what type of phychosis is caused by alcohol withdrawal?
Definition
Delirium tremens
Term
what are the efefcts of chronic alcoholism?
Definition
cirrhosis of the liver
hepatic encephalopathy
Term
what is the mechanism of hepatic encephalopathy seen in chronic alcoholism?
Definition
NH3 is produced from proteins by bacteria in the guy, the NH3 cannot be converted to urea in the cirrhotic liver
Term
How does Disulfirum help treat alcoholism?
Definition
it inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase causing a toxic reaction - helps discourage alcohol use
Term
what is the antidote of benzodiapine overdose?
Definition
flumazenil
Term
Do benzodiapines and barbituates have an antidote?
Definition
benzos do - flumazenil
barbituates don't!
Term
What major effects are seen in barbituate withdrawal syndrom, requring gradual withdrawal over several weeks?
Definition
grand mal seizures (after a few days)
psychosis -delusion, hallucination (after a week)
Term
what is the net effect of barbituate withdrawal?
Definition
CNS excitetation
Term
Is opiate or barbituate withdrawal more dangerous?
Definition
barbituate
Term
what transporter is inhibited by cocaine?
Definition
dopamine
Term
what is the effect of cocaine on dopamine?
Definition
inhibits dopamine transporters causing increased extra cellular concentration
Term
what is the treatment of cocaine withdrawal?
Definition
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)
Term
what symptoms are seen with acute amphetamine toxicity?
Definition
Euphoria, psychomotor agitation
**Fever (pathognomonic - also in opioid withdrawal)
Dilated pupils (mydriasis)
Hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmia
Term
what receptor does flumazenil act on?
Definition
GABA-A receptor (antagonist)
Term
what symptoms are seen with delirium tremens?
Definition
Visual hallucinations (often of snakes, bugs)
Mental confusion
Diaphoresis (excess sweating)
Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia
Term
where do class 3 addcitive drugs act? (2)
Definition
nucleus accumbens
ventral tegmental area
Term
where do class 1 and 2 addcitive drugs act?
Definition
ventral tegmental area ONLY
Term
Class 1 addictive drugs act on _________ receptors
Definition
G-protein coupled receptors
Term
Class 2 drugs activate ____________ and ____________
Definition
ionotropic receptors
ion channels
Term
Class 3 addictive drugs bind _____________
Definition
transporters of biogenic amines
Term
Name 4 class 1 drugs
Definition
opioids
cannabinoids
GHB
LSD
Term
Name 3 class 3 drugs
Definition
cocaine
amphetamine
ecstasy
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