Term
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Definition
•Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
•Bicarbonate
•Pepsinogen
•Intrinsic factor
•Mucus
•Prostaglandins |
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Term
| Cell of the gastric gland? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
•Produce and secrete HCl
•Primary site of action for many acid-controller drugs |
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Term
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Definition
•Secrete pepsinogen, a proenzyme
•Pepsinogen becomes PEPSIN when activated by exposure to acid
•Pepsin breaks down proteins (proteolytic) |
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Term
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Definition
•Mucus-secreting cells (surface epithelial cells)
•Provide a protective mucous coat
•Protects against self-digestion by HCl |
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Term
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Definition
•Secreted by the parietal cells
•Maintains stomach at a pH of 1 to 4
•Secretion stimulated by:
–Large, fatty meals
–Excessive amounts of alcohol
–Emotional stress |
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Term
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Definition
•Most common: Hyperacidity
•Most harmful: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) |
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Term
| Antacids promote the gastric mucosal defense mechanism by? |
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Definition
•Secretion of:
–Mucus: Protective barrier against HCl
–Bicarbonate: Helps buffer acidic properties of HCl
–Prostaglandins: Prevent activation of proton pump |
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Term
Reduction of pain associated with acid-related disorders is reduced by? |
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Definition
•Raising gastric pH from 1.3 to 1.6 neutralizes 50% of the gastric acid.
•Raising gastric pH 1 point (1.3 to 2.3) neutralizes 90% of the gastric acid. |
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Term
Aluminum Salts used in antacids? |
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Definition
•Have constipating effects
•Often used with magnesium to counteract constipation
Example: aluminum carbonate (Basaljel) |
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Term
| Magnesium Salts used in antacids can? |
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Definition
•Commonly cause a laxative effect
•Usually used with other agents to counteract this effect
•Dangerous when used with renal failure—the failing kidney cannot excrete extra magnesium, resulting in accumulation |
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Term
| Calcium Salts used in antacids? |
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Definition
•May cause constipation
•Their use may result in kidney stones
•Long duration of acid action may cause increased gastric acid secretion (hyperacidity rebound)
•Often advertised as an extra source of dietary calcium
Example: Tums (calcium carbonate) |
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Term
| Sodium Bicarbonate used in antacids? |
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Definition
•Quick onset, but short duration
•May cause metabolic alkalosis
•Sodium content may cause problems in patients with CHF, hypertension, or renal insufficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| relieve the painful symptoms associated with gas |
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Term
| OTC antiflatulents include? |
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Definition
•activated charcoal
•simethicone
–Alters elasticity of mucus-coated bubbles, causing them to break.
–Used often, but there are limited data to support effectiveness. |
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Term
| Antacid Side effects are? |
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Definition
Minimal, and depend on the compound used
•Aluminum and calcium
–Constipation
•Magnesium
–Diarrhea
•Calcium carbonate
–Produces gas and belching; often combined with simethicone |
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Term
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Definition
•All available OTC
•Most popular drugs for treatment of acid-related disorders
cimetidine (Tagamet) famotidine (Pepcid)
nizatidine (Axid) ranitidine (Zantac)
•Block histamine (H2) at the receptors of acid-producing parietal cells
•Production of hydrogen ions is reduced, resulting in decreased production of HCl
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Term
Proton Pump Inhibitors:
Mechanism of Action? |
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Definition
Irreversibly bind to H+/K+ ATPase enzyme.
•This bond prevents the movement of hydrogen ions from the parietal cell into the stomach.
•Result: Achlorhydria—ALL gastric acid secretion
is blocked.
–In order to return to normal acid secretion, the parietal cell must synthesize new H+/K+ ATPase. |
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Term
| Name the proton pump inhibitors Dr. O went over in class? |
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Definition
•Total inhibition of gastric acid secretion
lansoprazole (Prevacid)
omeprazole (Prilosec)
rabeprazole (Aciphex)
pantoprazole (Protonix)
esomeprazole (Nexium) |
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Term
Proton Pump Inhibitors:
Therapeutic Uses? |
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Definition
•GERD maintenance therapy
•Erosive esophagitis
•Short-term treatment of active duodenal and benign gastric ulcers
•Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
•Treatment of H. pylori-induced ulcers |
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