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| 4 ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS |
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Definition
| MEDITATION, HYPNOSIS, SLEEP, PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS |
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| 90 minutes in adults. one or more NREM follwed by REM. |
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| transition stage between waking and sleeping |
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| deeper sleep. sleep spindles appear. |
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| 20% Delta waves. beginning of slow wave sleep. |
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| delta waves more than 50%. deepest sleep. hardest to awaken. |
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| part of the cycle without REM. slow heartbeat and respiration. 4 stages. |
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| NREM disorder. excessive sleepiness during normal hours of the day. |
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| information processing. memory consolidation. repair the body and neural connections. |
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| loss of cognitive function. increase in negative mood. impact on immune system. |
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| technique that involves focusing attention on an object to block out all distractions. |
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| lower BP, cholesterol. prevent CVD. |
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| procedure through which a hypnotist uses the power of suggestion to induce changes in thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions or behaviors in another person. |
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| controlling pain. phobia treatment. in place of anesthesia. |
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| SOCIO-COGNITIVE THEORY OF HYPNOSIS |
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Definition
| suggests that a person's behavior under hypnosis is a function of what they 'should be' under hypnosis. |
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| DISSOCIATED CONTROL THEORY OF HYPNOSIS |
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Definition
| proposes that under hypnosis the control of the executive function over the subsystems of the consciousness is weakened. |
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| substances that alter mood, perceptions, or thought. |
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| speed up CNS. uppers. increase metabolism. awake, alert, energetic. anxiety, restlessness, sleeplessness, shakiness. AMPHETAMINES. COCAINE. |
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| decrease CNS activity. reduce sensitivity to outside stimulation. slow down bodily fxns. downers. ALCOHOL. BARBITUATES. NARCOTICS. |
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| psychedelics. alter perceptions of space and time. produce hallucinations. magnify mood at the time. MARIJUANA. LSD. PSILOCYBIN MUSHROOMS. |
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| process that leads to a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior. |
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| operant conditioning.schedules of reinforcement. most famous behaviorist. |
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| type of learning through which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another. respondent or Pavlovian conditioning. |
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| any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds. conditioned and unconditioned. |
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| stimulus that elicits a response without prior learning. |
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| neutral stimulus that will produce a conditioned response when paired with UCS. |
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| involuntary response to a particular stimulus. (eye blink, salivation). conditioned (learned), unconditioned (unlearned). |
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| a response that is elicited by an UCS. |
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| learned response that comes to be elicited by a CS as a result of its repeated pairing with a UCS. |
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| weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response as a result of repeated presentation of the CS without the UCS. |
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| reappearance of an extinguished response in a weaker form where an organism is exposed to the CS after a rest period. |
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| tendency to make a conditioned response to stimulus similar to the original CS. |
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| B.F. Skinner. relationship between behavior and consequences of that behavior. ABC=antecedent, behavior, consequences. |
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| anything that strengthens or increases the probability of behavior that follows. |
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| pleasant or desirable consequence that follows a response and increases the liklihood of that behavior being repeated. |
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| particular behavior is strengthened by the consequence of removing or avoiding an unpleasant condition. |
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| behavior is weakened by the consequence of experiencing a negative condition. involves pain. stops behavior. |
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| EXTINCTION IN OPERANT CONDITIONING |
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| form of learning that is not expressed in an obvious or immediate response. may be expressed at a later time under appropriate conditions. TOLMAN. |
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| cognitive psychologist trained as a behaviorist. rat maze experiments. presence or absence of reinforcement had little to do with maze running. latent learning. |
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| BANDURA. observer's behavior can be affected by positive or negative reinforcement experienced by the model. vicarious reinforcement or punishment. |
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| began by studying childhood aggression. spawned social cognition. Bobo doll study. |
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| W. Kohler. studying chimps. learning that happens as a result of a sudden and complete understanding of the relationships between the various parts of a problem. less likely to be forgotten. can transfer to other problems. |
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| encoding, storage (consolidation), retrieval |
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| transforming info into neural code for storage. shallow and elaborate. |
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| keeping or maintaining info in memory. process of consolidation. |
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| neural process where recent memories are crystallized into the brain for longer recall. recent memory attached to old memory, becomes meaningful. |
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| info previously stored is brought back to mind |
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Term
| ATKINSON-SHIFFRIN MODEL OF MEMORY |
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Definition
| 1968. 3 stages: sensory, short term, long term. |
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Term
| TULVING MULTIPLE MEMORY SYSTEM |
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Definition
| 1972. 5 memory systems: PSPSE-perceptual, short term, procedural, semantic, episodic |
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Definition
| TULVING. how-to memory. basic. develops infancy. |
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| TULVING. words, concepts, rules, abstract ideas. organized for easy retrieval. |
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| TULVING. info about events in one's life. organized by time and place. last to develop. |
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| LEVELS OF PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY |
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Definition
| CRAIK AND LOCKHART. 1972. rejected A-S idea of difference between STM and LTM. more attention=better filing. declarative and non-declarative. |
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| explicit. can say it out loud. facts and personal life events. |
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| implicit. motor skills, habits, classically conditioned responses. |
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| memory task-produce info by searching memory. serial or free. |
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| memory task-identify material as familiar or having been encountered before. |
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| events and issues related to self. specific memories of experiences and personal facts of one's life. |
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| vivid memory of surprising and emotionally arousing event. |
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| phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics |
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| sounds system, certain sounds occur while others do not. |
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| language rules for word formation. |
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| language's rules for combining words to make sentences. |
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| meaning of words and sentences in a language. |
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| LEARNING THEORY OF LANGUAGE |
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Definition
| children learn through imitation of adults and reinforcement. |
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| NATIVIST THEORY OF LANGUAGE |
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Definition
| language is an inborn ability, does not need instruction or reinforcement. |
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| SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY OF LANGUAGE |
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Definition
| combination of nativist and learning theories. |
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Definition
| linguistic relativity hyp. relationship between the structure of language and how an individual understands the world. |
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