Term
| Consider: "No Texans are cowards." Its type is ... (universal, non universal, +, -) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: "Some scoundrels are not people who have been mistreated." Its quality is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: "No Texans are cowards." Its quantity is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: "All hungry cannibals are dangerous people." Its predicate term is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: "Some commercial health care plans are plans that do not cover pre-existing conditions." Its kind or type is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: "Some scoundrels are people who have not been mistreated." Its predicate is ... |
|
Definition
| people who have not been mistreated |
|
|
Term
| Consider: "Some scoundrels are people who have not been mistreated." Its type is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: "All hungry cannibals are dangerous people." Its quantifier is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: "All hungry cannibals are dangerous people." Its kind or type is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: "All hungry cannibals are dangerous people." Its kind or type is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: All chairs are thrones. Its copula is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: All chairs are thrones. Its subject term is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: All chairs are thrones. What is distributed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: All chairs are thrones. Its type or kind is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: All chairs are thrones. Its quality is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: All chairs are thrones. Its predicate term is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: All chairs are thrones. Its quantity is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: All chairs are thrones. Its type or kind is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: All chairs are thrones. Its quantifier is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Is this standard form? 1. All novelists are authors.
2. Every author is insightful.
So, 3. All insightful people are novelists. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
standard form? 1. Some artists are millionaires.
2. No millionaires are poor people.
So, 3. Some artists are not poor people. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
standard form?
1. All metaphors are figures of speech.
2. All metaphors are words.
So, 3. All figures of speech are words. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
standard form?
1. Some works of art are books.
2. All novels are books.
So, 3. Some works of art are novels. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
standard form?
Consider: (1)Some works of art are books. (2) All novels are books. So, (3), some works of art are novels. Is it a standard form categorical syllogism or not? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: Every author is insightful. All novelists are authors. So, all novelists are insightful people. Is it a standard form categorical syllogism or not? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For categorical syllogisms, how many possible MOODS are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: No Texas State students are octogenarians. Some Texas State Students are not centenarians. So, Some centenarians are octogenarians. Its middle term is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many different forms of categorical syllogisms are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For categorical syllogisms, how many possible FIGURES are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: (1) Some ballerinas are clumsy dancers. (2) All people who hate music are clumsy dancers. So, (3) some people who hate music are ballerinas. Is it a standard form categorical syllogism or not? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: All P are M. Some M are not S. So, some S are not P. Its Mood and Figure is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: No M are P. Some M are not S. So, Some S are P. Its Mood and Figure is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: (1) Some comedians are poets. (2) Some comedians are prophets. So, (3), some poets are prophets. Is it a standard form categorical syllogism or not? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
mood and figure
All M are P.
All M are S.
So, all S are P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
mood and figure
All M are P.
All S are M.
So, some S are P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
mood and figure
All M are P.
No S are M.
So, no S are P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
mood and figure
No P are M.
No M are S.
So, no S are P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mood and figure
No M are P.
Some M are S.
So, some S are P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
mood and figure
All P are M.
All S are M.
So, all S are P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
mood an figure
No M are P.
All M are S.
So, some S are not P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
mood and figure
No M are P.
Some S are not M.
So, some S is not P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| conclusion? Consider: At least one bronco is not hard to ride, for all bulls are hard to ride, and some broncos are not bulls. |
|
Definition
| The conclusion is "At least one bronco is not hard to ride." |
|
|
Term
| conclusion? Consider: Only westerns are worth seeing, because only good movies are worth seeing,and only westerns are good movies. |
|
Definition
| The conclusion is "Only westerns are worth seeing." |
|
|
Term
| conclusion? Consider: Nothing is a wealthy landowner unless it is not a buckaroo. A thing is a cattle baron only if it is a wealthy landowner. Hence, nothing that is a buckaroo is also a cattle baron. |
|
Definition
| he conclusion is "Nothing that is a buckaroo is also a cattle baron." |
|
|
Term
| Consider: Nothing is a rodeo unless it is not an opera. Each opera includes singers. So, nothing that is a rodeo includes singers. |
|
Definition
| The conclusion is "Nothing that is a rodeo includes singers." |
|
|
Term
| conclusion? Consider: No cowgirls are city slickers; hence, no city slicker is a talented rider, because only talented riders are cowgirls. |
|
Definition
| The conclusion is "No city slicker is a talented rider." |
|
|
Term
conclusion?
Consider: Not all bandits will be hanged. After all, at least one bandit is not a horse thief, and every horse thief will be hanged. |
|
Definition
| not all bandits will be hanged |
|
|
Term
| conclusion? Consider: Every cowboy loves horses. Not all farmers love horses. It follows that at least one farmer is not a cowboy. |
|
Definition
| The conclusion is "At least one farmer is not a cowboy." |
|
|
Term
conclusion?
Consider: Not everyone who loves country music is rodeo star. For at least one rock star loves country music; and no rock stars are rodeo stars. |
|
Definition
| The conclusion is "Not everyone who loves country music is rodeo star." |
|
|
Term
conclusion?
Consider: No cowards ride bulls; therefore, some fools are not cowards since at least one bull rider is a fool. |
|
Definition
| The conclusion is "Some fools are not cowards." |
|
|
Term
| conclusion? Consider: Not all sheep ranchers are fast guns; hence, not all honest citizens are fast guns, since only honest citizens are sheep ranchers. |
|
Definition
| The conclusion is "Not all honest citizens are fast guns." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What does this say?
chairs[image]thrones |
|
Definition
| No thrones are chairs / / No chairs are thrones |
|
|
Term
What does this say?
chairs[image]thrones |
|
Definition
| Some chairs are thrones / / some thrones are chairs |
|
|
Term
What does this say?
chairs[image]thrones |
|
Definition
| some chairs are not thrones |
|
|
Term
What does this say?
thrones[image]chairs |
|
Definition
| some thrones are not chairs |
|
|
Term
What does this say?
chairs[image]thrones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What does this say?
chairs[image]thrones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What does this say?
chairs[image]Thrones |
|
Definition
| some thrones are not chairs |
|
|
Term
What rule does it break?
All P are M.
All S are M.
So, all S are P.
|
|
Definition
| A. Invalid. Rule 1: Middle term distribution rule |
|
|
Term
what rule does this break?
No M are P.
Some S are not M.
So, some S is not P. |
|
Definition
| Invalid. Rule 3: Two negative premise rule |
|
|
Term
what rule does this break?
No M are P.
Some M are S.
So, some S are P. |
|
Definition
| Invalid. Rule 4: Negative premise/ negative conclusion rule |
|
|
Term
what rule does this break?
No M are P.
All M are S.
So, some S are not P. |
|
Definition
| Invalid. Rule 5: (Boolean standpoint) Two universal premise rule |
|
|
Term
What rule does this break?
All M are P.
All M are S.
So, all S are P. |
|
Definition
| Invalid. Rule 2: Distributed term in conclusion rule |
|
|
Term
| The result of an obversion is equivalent to the original statement when one starts with what kind(s) of statements... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To obvert a statement means to... |
|
Definition
| one changes the quality and replaces the predicate with its complement. |
|
|
Term
| (obversion) Consider: Some Africans are not Kenyans. |
|
Definition
| “Some Africans are non-Kenyans.” |
|
|
Term
| (obversion) Consider: No magnates are maggots. |
|
Definition
| "All magnates are non-maggots." |
|
|
Term
| The obverse of "Some rectangles are nonsquares" is ... |
|
Definition
| Some rectangles are not squares. |
|
|
Term
| The result of a conversion is equivalent to the original statement when one starts with ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The converse of "Some rectangles are nonsquares" is ... |
|
Definition
| some nonsquares are rectangles |
|
|
Term
| (conversion) Consider: No magnates are maggots. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (conversion) Consider: Some Africans are not Kenyans. |
|
Definition
| Some kenyans are not africans - not valid though |
|
|
Term
| (conversion) Consider: Some citizens are not senators. |
|
Definition
| some senators are not citizens - correct but not valid |
|
|
Term
What rule does this break?
All P are M.
Some S are not M.
So, some S are not P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
No M are P.
Some S are M.
So, some S is not P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What rule?
All M are P.
No S are M.
So, no S are P. |
|
Definition
| Invalid. Rule 2: Distributed term in conclusion rule |
|
|
Term
What rule?
All M are P.
Some S are not M.
So, some S are P. |
|
Definition
| Invalid. Rule 4: Negative premise/ negative conclusion rule |
|
|
Term
What rule?
All P are M.
Some S are M.
So, some S are P. |
|
Definition
| Invalid. Rule 1: Middle term distribution rule |
|
|
Term
Consider:
Some P are not non-M.
Some S are not M.
So, some S are non-P.
The obverse of the first premise is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Consider:
Some P are not non-M.
Some S are not M.
So, some S are non-P.
The obverse of the conclusion is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Consider:
Some P are not non-M.
Some S are not M.
So, some S are non-P .
If you replace the first premise with its obverse and replace the conclusion with its obverse, the resulting syllogism will be a standard-form categorical syllogism containing the three terms ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Consider:
Some P are not non-M.
No M are non-S.
So, some S are not non-P.
Obvert all three statements. The resulting syllogism ... |
|
Definition
| is an IAI-4 that is equivalent to the original. |
|
|
Term
| Consider: Some non-P are M. No S are M. So, some S are not P. What is the obverse of the conclusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: No F are E. Some F are not non-D. So, some D are not E. The obverse of the second premise is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider: Some non-P are M. No S are M. So, some S are not P. If you replace the conclusion with its obverse, the resulting argument contains what terms? |
|
Definition
| contains the terms S, non-P, and M. |
|
|
Term
Consider:
No F are E.
Some F are not non-D.
So, some D are not E.
If you replace the second premise with its obverse, the resulting argument (equivalent to the original), you get what kind of argument? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What rule is broken?
All M are P
Some M are S
So, some S are P |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What rule?
No P are M.
No M are S.
So, no S are P. |
|
Definition
| Invalid. Rule 3: Two negative premise rule |
|
|
Term
what rule?
All M are P.
Some S are not M.
So, some S are not P. |
|
Definition
| Invalid. Rule 2: Distributed term in conclusion rule |
|
|
Term
what rule?
Some P are M
All S are M
So, some S are P |
|
Definition
| Invalid. Rule 1: Middle term distribution rule |
|
|
Term
What rule?
No M are P
All S are M
So, all S are P |
|
Definition
| Invalid. Rule 4: Negative premise/ negative conclusion rule |
|
|
Term
what rule?
No M are P
Some S are M
So, some S are not P |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what rule?
All M are P.
All S are M.
So, some S are P. |
|
Definition
| Invalid. Rule 5: (Boolean standpoint) Two universal premise rule |
|
|
Term
Translate to standard form:
Only elephants have trunks. |
|
Definition
| all animals with trunks are elephants |
|
|
Term
| Translate: If something isn't a conductor, then it isn't made of metal. |
|
Definition
| All things that aren't conductors are things that aren't metal. |
|
|
Term
| Translate: If he or she is a senior then the opportunity is available. |
|
Definition
| All seniors are persons for whom the opportunity is available |
|
|
Term
| Translate: Being a gisbot is a necessary condition for inclusion in the program. |
|
Definition
| All things included in the program are gisbots. |
|
|
Term
| Translate: Only physical objects are quarks. |
|
Definition
| All quarks are physical objects. |
|
|
Term
| Being a senior is sufficient to be eligible to apply for the scholarship. |
|
Definition
| All seniors are students eligible to apply for the scholarship. |
|
|
Term
| Translate: She passes her exams if she studies. |
|
Definition
| All times she studies are times she passes her exams. |
|
|
Term
| Translate: Climbing the stairs to the top of the Empire State Building makes one winded. |
|
Definition
| All persons who climb the stairs to the top of the Empire State Building are persons who will become winded. |
|
|
Term
| Translate: Having a microscope is a necessary condition for (our) seeing viruses. |
|
Definition
| All persons who see viruses are persons using a microscope. |
|
|
Term
| Is it in standard form? Every Texan is a person who is proud of his or her state. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Consider:
Some non-P are M.
No S are M.
So, some S are not P.
If the first premise is converted and the result is then obverted, the resulting syllogism ... |
|
Definition
| is an OEO-1 and it is invalid. |
|
|
Term
Contrapose the conclusion of the following:
Some M are P.
No S are M.
So, some non-P are not non-S. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Consider:
All P are non-W.
Some E are W.
So, some non-P are not non-E.
Reduce or translate this syllogism to a standard-form syllogism with the terms E, P, and W. The result is what mood/figure...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All A are C, for no A are non-M, and no M are non-C.
Obvert both premises. What is the mood/figure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Contrapose the conclusion of the following:
Some M are P.
No S are M.
So, some non-P are not non-S.
The resulting argument is what mood/figure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Consider:
No F are E.
Some F are not non-D.
So, some D are not E.
If you replace the second premise with its obverse, the resulting argument (equivalent to the original) is what mood/figure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Contrapose the conclusion of the following {notice that it is an 0).
Some M are P.
No S are M.
So, some non-P are not non-S.
The resulting argument either valid or invalid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Translate:Not all politicians are liars. |
|
Definition
| Some politicians are not liars. |
|
|
Term
| Translate: None but the brave deserve the fair. (Only the brave deserve the fair.) |
|
Definition
| All persons who deserve the fair are brave persons. |
|
|
Term
| Translate: If anyone is a bad-tempered person, then he or she is a curmudgeon. |
|
Definition
| All bad-tempered persons are curmudgeons. |
|
|
Term
| Translate: This assignment is fairly easy. |
|
Definition
| All assignments identical to this one are fairly easy assignments. |
|
|
Term
| Translate: Today is Wednesday |
|
Definition
| All days identical to today are Wednesdays. |
|
|
Term
| Translate: Each patriotic American loves justice. |
|
Definition
| All patriotic Americans are justice lovers. |
|
|
Term
| Translate: She passes her exams when she studies |
|
Definition
| All times she studies are times she passes her exams |
|
|
Term
| Translate: She tries to sell life insurance wherever she may happen to be. |
|
Definition
| All places she may happen to be are places she tries to sell life insurance. |
|
|
Term
| Translate: There's a lot of trash here. |
|
Definition
| All places identical to here are places with lots of trash. |
|
|
Term
| translate: World-class athletes all train vigorously. |
|
Definition
| All world-class athletes are persons who train vigorously. |
|
|
Term
Given the following enthymeme:
Wherever there's smoke there's fire, and there's smoke in the attic.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is: |
|
Definition
| There's fire in the attic. (Conclusion) |
|
|
Term
Given the following enthymeme:
Bob must be a good student. After all, he has a scholarship.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is: |
|
Definition
| Everyone with a scholarship is a good student. (Premise) |
|
|
Term
Given the following enthymeme:
Frank always feels terrible when he has a cold, so Frank must feel terrible now.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is: |
|
Definition
| Frank has a cold now. (Premise) |
|
|
Term
Given the following enthymeme:
Frank always feels terrible when he has a cold, so Frank must feel terrible now.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is: |
|
Definition
| Frank has a cold now. (Premise) |
|
|
Term
Given the following enthymeme:
Kathy reads only short novels, so she must not read Tolstoy.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is: |
|
Definition
| Tolstoy's novels are not short. (Premise) |
|
|
Term
Given the following enthymeme:
The Louvre is in France because it's in Paris.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is: |
|
Definition
| Whatever is in Paris is in France. (Premise) |
|
|
Term
| We cannot trust this man, for he has perjured himself in the past. What is the implicit statement? |
|
Definition
| The premise, "Those who perjure themselves cannot be trusted." |
|
|
Term
| ...the law does not expressley permit suicide, and what it does not expressly permit it forbids." --Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics. What is the implicit statement? |
|
Definition
| The conclusion, "Suicide is forbidden." |
|
|
Term
| William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar: "Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look. . . [and] such men [men with lean and hungry looks] are dangerous." What is the implicit statement? |
|
Definition
| The conclusion, "Cassius is dangerous." |
|
|
Term
"Whoever welcomes you welcomes me, and whoever welcomes me welcomes the one who sent me. (Matthew 10:40--Jesus to the diciples)
What is the missing/implicit proposition? |
|
Definition
| The conclusion, "Whoever welcomes you welcomes the one who sent me." |
|
|
Term
| "Mark'd ye his words? He would not take the crown. Therefore 'tis certain he was not ambitious." (William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar III.ii) What is the implicit statement? |
|
Definition
| Any ambitious person would take the crown. |
|
|
Term
An enthymeme from Mark Twain.
"There is no law against composing music when one has no ideas whatsoever. The music of Wagner, therefore, is perfectly legal."
What is the non-stated, but implicit, premise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs shouldn't be legallized because bad things shouldn't be legalized. What is the implicit statement? |
|
Definition
| The premise, "Drugs are bad, mmkay?" |
|
|
Term
| George Orwell, 1984: "Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past." What is the unstated/implicit statement? |
|
Definition
| The conclusion, "Who controls the present controls the future." |
|
|
Term
Given the following sorites:
Some N are F.
All K are R.
All T are K.
No F are R.
So, Some N are not T.
the correct standard form is: |
|
Definition
All T are K.
All K are R.
No F are R.
Some N are F.
So, Some N are not T. |
|
|
Term
Given the following sorites:
All N are G.
No S are F.
Some K are N.
All G are S.
So, Some K are not F.
the correct standard form is: |
|
Definition
No S are F.
All G are S.
All N are G.
Some K are N.
So, Some K are not F. |
|
|
Term
Given the following sorites:
All G are B.
Some S are T.
No G are K.
No T are B.
So, Some K are not S.
the correct standard form is: |
|
Definition
Some S are T.
No T are B.
All G are B.
No G are K.
So, Some K are not S. |
|
|
Term
Given the following sorites:
Some S are R.
No B are S.
All R are H.
All M are B.
So, Some H are not M.
the correct standard form is: |
|
Definition
All M are B.
No B are S.
Some S are R.
All R are H.
So, Some H are not M |
|
|
