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| literally "God"; the muslim name for the single deity who is creator and judge. |
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1) recital of the Shahada
2) formal prayer, salat
3) legal almsgiving, zakat
4) fasting, sawm
5) pilgrimage to Mecca, hajj |
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| literally, "speech"; sacred collections of short naratives about Muhammad that are thought to have originated with his early companions |
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| Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina in AD 622 |
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| "Striving" or "Battle"; can either be internal and spiritual battle with oneself or the external holy war against unbelievers |
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| "to recite"; Islam's holiest text, consisting of Muhammad's collected revelations |
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| the last prophet of "God" on whom Islam is based |
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| the confession of faith that there is no God but God or Allah and Muhammad is his prophet |
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| accounts for only 10% of Muslims and they believe in a different line of Caliphs |
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| Islam's mystical tradition, which emphasizes the mystical union of the believer with God |
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| from the Arabic "Sunnah" meaning "custom"; branch of Islam, comprising of 90% of all muslims, whose members accept the leadership role of the caliphate. |
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| Muhammad and followers flee to Medina (Hijra) |
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| a time when the Torah became very important and when the term 'Jew' became common |
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| an agreement between God and man where each party has promise to keep |
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| dispersion of the Jews outside of Israel |
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| when God told Moses to take the people of Israel out of slavery and take them to the Promised Land |
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| from the Hebrew, meaning the "Anointed One," a term applied to the expected savior |
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| the first 5 books of the Bible |
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| a messenger sent to speak God's word to the people |
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| the religion the Judaizers turned into |
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| an extensive collection of commentaries on the Mishnah compiled from the sayings of Rabbis from 200 to 500 CE |
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| the Hebrew Bible. the term comes from the initials of its three divisions: Torah (law), Neviim (prophets), Ketuvim (writings) |
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| Hebrew for law, teaching, or instruction. In the broad sense, "Torah" refers to the law of Moses, both written and oral. In the narrow sense, it refers to the first 5 books of the Tanakh, traditionally called the book of Moses |
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| the Personal name of God in Judaism |
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| Assyrian invasion of northern kingdom |
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| Babylonian invasion of the southern kingdom |
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| Jewish revolt; destruction of the temple and fall of Jerusalem |
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| Israel declares itself as an independent nation |
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| writings about the end of time |
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| Jesus taking the place for all humanity as the last sacrifice |
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| the sacred scriptures of Judaism and Christianity; from the Greek, "tabiblia", "the books" |
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| the largest Christian denomination, which follows a church hierarchy led by the bishop of Rome or the Pope |
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| the Messiah, from the Greek, "the Anointed One" |
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| the letters written to different people groups in the New Testament |
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| the doctrine of the Last Things |
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| in general, "Good News;" as a document, an early life of Jesus with some claim to be considered part of scripture |
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| The term used for when Jesus became a man |
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| A man who claimed to be the Messiah even though, those from His hometown didn't believe Him. |
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| the section of the Bible that contains the Gospels, Epistles, and apocalyptic writings |
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| An allegorical or metaphorical saying or narrative; an allegory, a fable, an apologue; a comparison, a similitude. Also: a proverb, a maxim; an enigmatic or mystical saying |
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| He was the young man who held the coats of the men who stoned Steven; He later became the greatest missionary of Christianity |
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| Christian denominations whose lineages derive from 16th-century Protestant reformation |
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| a visible sign of an invisible grace, from Latin, "Sacramentum" |
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| The, or a, vindication of the divine attributes, esp. justice and holiness, in respect to the existence of evil; a writing, doctrine, or theory intended to ‘justify the ways of God to men’. |
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| Doctrine that God is a unity of 3 persons:the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit |
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| Constantine's edict of Milan |
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| 5 Patriarchates established |
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| Martin Luther posts the 95 theses |
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| The first element of interpretation |
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| What type of literature has the author written? |
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| The second element of interpretation |
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How has the author used language? What kind of references were used?
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| The third element of interpretation |
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| what can we know about the author? |
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| The fourth element of interpretation |
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| Who was the intended audience of this work? |
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| The fifth element of interpretation |
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| What do we know about the historical context in which this text was written? |
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a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning in a concrete or particular form. Uses typological figures, which have one referent; each type stands for something
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| a short, invented tale that often seeks to convey a moral lesson |
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| an invented or imagined story or narative |
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| a non-fiction narative account of past events of a particular subject matter |
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| a fictitious story that is based on a popular place or figure that is believed to have been historically real |
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| a symbolic story conveying a specific culture's expression of basic truths about the meaning of reality. They are stories, often including fabulous or fantastic elements, included to explain our fundamental "why" questions about reality. Emerging from the depths of our psyche, they have a profoundly formative influence on our consciousness, and our cultural values and expectations |
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| any story involving events or experiences; emphasizes the telling or act of relating a story with a plot |
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| prose literature that relays publicly verifiable facts or theories about historical events or subjects |
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| a literary or often highly developed form of imaginative expression, usually in metrical and/or rhythmic verse form |
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| common language; non-metrical |
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| a short, pithy saying that expresses a commonplace truth |
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| an indirect reference; something implied or infered |
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| similar logic; correspondence; a similarity between like features of 2 things, forming the basis of a comparison |
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| involving a figure of speech; not literal |
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| by the letter; true to fact; plain; straightforward; non-figurative; face-value of meaning; direct reference |
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| a mark that points to, imitates, means, "signifies", something other than itself |
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| words that literally express a meaning that is the opposite of the intended meaning, characterized by self-reflexion; an expression meant to indicate its opposite. Sarcasm and satire are often based on irony. |
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| a figure of speech by which we speak about one thing is terms that are suggestive of another |
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| explicit comparison of 2 things, using "like" or "as" |
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| something that acts as a sign representing something else such that the sign participates in the reality it represents |
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Born: 570 CE
Died: 632 CE |
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| Six Categories of belief for Christianity |
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Nature of Reality: God's will as revealed through Jesus Christ.
God: monotheistic and trinitarian; fully incarnate in Jesus Christ; absolute and rational
Humanity: saved sinners
Natural World: very real; created by God; essentially good
Afterlife: eternal life; union with God
Salvation: union with God at Christ's atonement |
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| Six Categories of belief for Islam |
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Nature of Reality: kismet-fate or predestination; everything manifests and fulfills the will of Allah; spirit-filled
God: Allah is the only god; personal; absolutely powerful
Natural World: real; created by Allah, yet Allah placed seeds of evil to tempt men
Humanity: created by Allah, with free will and seeds of good and evil
Afterlife: eternal life in heaven or hell beginning on the day of judgment
Salvation/purpose: complete submission to Allah results in eternal salvation in heaven
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| Six categories of belief for Judaism |
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God: monotheism; Yahweh-a transcendent, personal and relational God who is Lord of creation and history
Humanity: real individuals, created by Yahweh in the image of Yahweh
Natural World: very real; created by God; essentially good
The afterlife: this-worldly focus; though some afterlife is assumed
Salvation: this-worldly hope; trust in Yahweh to deliver us; moral imperatives
Nature of reality: God's self-revelation |
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