Term
What is a stimulant?
What does it deal with in the brain? |
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Definition
1) Substance that raises levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body
2) Related to amount of neurotransmitters |
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Term
| What is a depressant? Give Example |
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Definition
Substance that reduces levels of physiological or nervous activity in the brain.
Example: Alcohol |
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Term
| Give examples of stimulants |
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Definition
Coca/Cocaine
Khat
Stimulating beverages
Tobacco/Nicotine |
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Term
| How was coffee's effects first discovered? |
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Definition
| Middle Eastern farmers noticed that cattle which had recently eaten wild grown coffee plants became "frisky" |
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Term
Where is cocaine grown? What was its original use? Was/Is it addictive?
What is another current use (in leaf form)? |
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Definition
Primarily S.America: Used by laborers to suppress hunger and to keep them going for long hours while also providing nutrients. They would simply chew on the leaves all day. In those days it was non-addictive, however the compound has been isolated and now it is very addictive.
Used to treat altitude sickness (improves blood circulation) |
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Term
| What is theobromine and who discovered it? |
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Definition
Substance found in chocolate, similar to caffeine.
Montezuma brought it back to Spain from his conquering of the Aztecs (believed it to be an aphrodisiac) |
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Term
| What is Yerba Matte and where does it come from? |
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Definition
| Bitter tea used in bonding ritual in S.America (social drink), comes from the Ilex plant. |
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Term
| What are examples of depressants we discussed in class? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the main ingredient in Opium, what does it do, and how do we get it from the plant?
Also, what was a potential solution to get farmers in Afghanistan to stop producing it? |
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Definition
Morphine- induces sleep, reduces coughing. Can cause paralysis of the intestine.
Taken from the plant by slicing the seed pod and collecting that which oozes out.
Considered subsidizing farmers. (Basically paying them to NOT grow opium, as it is a huge cash crop) |
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Term
| What replaced tobacco as a cash crop in Maryland after it's growth was banned? |
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Definition
Blue Horseradish
(also Soybeans) |
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Term
"Anything you get addicted to is a _____."
-Dr.Bean |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1)Aid religious practices
2)Explore the self
3)Alter moods
4)Treat disease
5)Escape boredom/despair
6)Promote social interaction
7)Enhance sensory experience
8)Stimulate artistic creativity and performance
9)Improve physical performance
10)Rebel
11)Peer pressure
12)Establish an Identity |
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Term
| What plants are psychedelics? |
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Definition
Soma
Psilocybin
Tobacco
Alcohol
Absinthe
Marijuana
Morning Glory
Caffeine
Cocaine
Peyote |
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Term
What is the "Divine Mushroom of Immortality," what kind of relationship does it have with trees, and what does it do?
What is the active compound? |
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Definition
Soma,
mycorrhizal relationship
produces intoxication, hallucination, and delirium
Ibotenic acid is converted to MUSCIMOL which is a GABA-agonist |
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Term
| Where do you find Muscimol? |
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Definition
| Soma, converted from Ibotenic acid. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Main active component in tobacco? |
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Definition
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Term
Where does absinthe come from?
What are its active components?
What was an interesting discovery about the active components? |
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Definition
Thujone and Alcohol;
Turns out it was the high alcohol content that provided the hallucinations! |
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Term
| What do Morning Glory seeds do? |
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Definition
| Can cause hallucinations as well as nausea and intense pain. |
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Term
What is peyote?
What is its active compound? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes the fragrance in good-smelling plants? |
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Definition
| Essential oils trapped in "bubbles" that come out and volatilize when broken |
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Term
| What is an herb, according to Krissy Moore? |
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Definition
| Herbs are plants that are useful to humans outside of things that are just used for food. |
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Term
What are "America's Favorite Flavors?"
What are they good for? |
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Definition
Cinnamon; Increase insulin activity, good for diabetics
Coffee; Caffeine, helps with memory/fatigue (brain circulation)
Chocolate; may help with high blood pressure
Vanilla; known for sweet taste |
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Term
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Definition
| Rose "fruit" which are very high in vitamin C and citric acid. |
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Term
What is an immunomodulator?
What example was given at the Arboretum? |
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Definition
Molecules that modulate (keep in balance) the immune system.
Sage |
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Term
| What is responsible for the spicy taste of chili peppers? How do you get rid of the burn?? |
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Definition
Capsicum
Drink things like milk which have fatty lipids, as these help disperse and break down capsicum |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a Roman soldier who was the first to actually list out herbs and their uses in a book titled "De media" |
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Term
| What did Socrates take? How can this plant be identified? |
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Definition
| Poison Hemlock; has red dots along stem |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Of what value is the yew plant? |
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Definition
| Produces taxus which is used to make Taxol which is a very expensive chemotherapy drug. Berries are poisonous |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to set dyes: changes the chemistry of fabric to accept dye. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to create yellow/orange coloring, from the achiote tree |
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Term
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Definition
| Common weed, good for purple dye but very poisonous |
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Term
| What is a benefit of a plant producing caffeine? |
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Definition
| Pollinators become slightly addicted... |
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Term
| What are the main two factors of active ingredient contents in a plant? |
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Definition
Altitude and Age
Altitude affects oxygen levels, temperature, and sunlight.
Younger plants have to compensate for poor physical defenses by producing higher levels of chemicals. |
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