Term
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Definition
substantial limitations in present functioning. It is characterized by significantly subaverage intellectual functioning. Existing concurrently with related limitations in 2 or more of the following areas:
o Communication
o Self Care
o Home Living
o Social Skills
o Community Use
o Self Direction
o Health and safety
o Functional Academics
o Leisure
o Work |
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Term
| Down's Syndrome Definition |
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Definition
IQ of 70-75 or below
MR manifests before 18 years
Down’s is a genetic disorder due to a extra chromosome 21 that does not separate properly making 47 chromosomes |
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Term
| Down's Syndrome Physical Characteristics |
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Definition
| back of head is flattened, slanted eyelids, small skin folds at the corners of the eyes, depressed nasal bridge, smaller nose and ears |
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Term
| Down's Syndrome Cognitive impairments |
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Definition
Usually mild to mod MR
Capable of learning a fewer number of things
Need a greater number of repetitions to learn
Greater difficulty in generalizing
Greater difficulty in maintaining skills that are not practiced regularly
Slower response time
More limited repertoire of responses |
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Term
| Down's Syndrome Movement dysfunction |
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Definition
| Often associated with hypotonia, low muscle force production, slow automatic postural reactions, slow reaction time |
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Term
| Down's Syndrome Developmental delays |
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Definition
| Average age to walk is b/w 16 – 36 months |
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Term
| Down's Syndrome Classification based on intelligence test scores |
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Definition
o Mild- 70% - 55-70 IQ
- Educable (50-75)
o Mod 20%- 40-55
- Trainable (25-50)
o Severe 5%- 25-40
o Profound 1%- below 25 |
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Term
| Down's Syndrome Causes/Pathology |
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Definition
o Over 350 etiologies for MR
Prenatal – chromosomal disorders, syndromes, errors in metabolism, developmental disorders of brain formation and environment, Greater risk with advancing age of mother
Perinatal- intrauterine disorders and neonatal disorders
Postnatal- head injury, infection, demyelinating disorders, seizure disorders, toxic-metabolism, malnutrition, environmental deprivation and hypo connection syndrome |
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Term
| Down's Syndrome Infant Assessment |
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Definition
Perform similar to CP procedure, but key into known areas of involvement
PT may be involved with sensorimotor based assessments, but these are poor predictors of mental ability
Utilize their response to new stimuli and previously presented stimuli |
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Term
| Down's Syndrome Children/adolescent Assessment |
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Definition
| Most commonly used is the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale or the Wechsler |
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Term
| Down's Syndrome Adults Assessment |
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Definition
| As the other assessments except now there is stronger consideration for the home, work and environmental settings |
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Term
| Down's Syndrome Treatment |
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Definition
Encourage exploration and learning from the environment
Utilize a mentoring system with trusted adults in basic cognitive skills
Celebrate the child’s developmental accomplishments with the use of positive reinforcers
Guide repetition of skills and elaboration of new skills through: shaping, chaining, backward chaining
Protect from inappropriate disapproval, teasing and punishment
Provide a rich and responsive language environment |
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Term
| Associated Medical Problems w/ Down's Syndrome |
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Definition
| cataracts, hearing loss, thyroid dysfunction, bowel blockages, ligamentous laxity, foot deformities, scoliosis, atlantoaxial laxity (20%), congential heart disease (40%), lung hypoplasia /pulm HTN |
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