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Definition
| fictionalized doc, Nanook (22), get to know characters(criticized for too much subjectivity), Joined Grierson in 1931 in Britain (EMB)- more coverage and dist. potential when sponsered by emb. |
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Vertov. funded by Russian Gov't (docs have more use for govt prop than fiction)
Lenin's NEW ECONOMIC POLICY- limited private enterprise, encouraged domestic films and exportation with more funding. supervised films. resulted in notable nat'l cinema, commercial theatres, clubs, portable cinema. |
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| Man with the movie camera (29) |
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Definition
| No reenactments, descriptive, interactive with audience, rarely staged, SELF REFLEXIVE, movie camera sometimes filmed., experimental, editing is important |
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| "spinning top, revolutionary Vertov", newsreel/experimental docs, fragments of actuality organized to evoke deeper truth, "kino-eye"=film truth, i am a machine a camera to present something to audiences. lean towards propoganda. (emotional ideaology to spread soviet influence) anti-fiction films, they prevent men from being precise as machines. anti-theatrical, sensational or romanticized. |
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Definition
creative treatment of actuality,(shorter clips, distince noises, closeups, edit for mini-dramas. some staged,
lightsmusicedits to induce emotions) advocate films for social commentary + public education. |
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British Documentary
cinematographic film acts of 1927 |
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Definition
| established quota for increased domestic film production, decrease hollywood superficial imports. had domestic guidelines, Grierson followed to obtain exposure and distribution, but not "domestic" enough |
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British Documentary
CFA loopholes- EMB and GPO |
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Definition
British division that grierson followed, produced films of industries in Britain. Provided him with funds, "Industrial Britain, Songs of Cyleon"
NON-commercial distribution, modeled now, donate to schools, churches. |
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Lippmann- critiques uninformed masses,easily manipulated.
Dewey- education needs participation and interaction
=Cinema Engage- engaging the audiences to inform. social reform, working class respect. |
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The River(38)
Drifters (fishing industry) |
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Definition
| Greirson, on mississippi river. footage edited, segmented to build up need for social/policy reform! ultimately- prop for New Deal, promoted Tennessee Valley Authority |
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| Nazi Propoganda 30s and 40s |
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Definition
| Ministry of Propoganda and Enlightenment (33)- '34 censorship law, resulting in most films entertaining and promoting nazi ideology. edited to portray in good light. Anti-semetic films not shown until during the war |
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girl, 1902-2003, produced nazi prop films
Victory of Faith, Day of Freedom, german news reels.
Triumph of th Will- edited for powerful buildups, peaks and vallies, sinking and soaring effects. hitler superimposed between clouds. no voiceover, less distraction from God Hitler. shots of crowd in awe and love with hitler. unifying theme, full circle. |
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| increased popularity in 30s and 40s. studios has their own, soft news coverage (natural disasters, sports) entertaining and diverse topics, not Grirson criticized NOT INFORMATIVE ENOUGH. often staged |
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| Office of War Information |
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Definition
| self-regulated, avoid censorship. Made for those fighting abroad, to boost confidence in defense. "staff reports", combat bulletins, training purposes (eg- Resisting Enemy Interrogation), morale boosts. |
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OWI, US propoganda producers.
Capra- WHy We Fight series, 42-48.
Jennings- Mass Observation, "Listen to Britain"- how war affects home fronts. poetic music
Houston- saracastic tone, no sense of importance of battles |
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Definition
commentary- today's view of holocaust and concentration camps. We're forgetting, turning camps into tourist locales. Voice over poses question of responsibilty, guilt.
Mixes newsreel, old footage, contemporary desolate photos. |
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Definition
CBS See it Now (Edward Murrow- relatable and familiar= popularity)
attempt to build brand ID and audiences with diverse programing. 3/4 soft news, focus on 1 researched political topic. Survived bc of loyalty to murrow, diverse topics bring lots of viewers. Re-survival after elitists criticize citcoms and quiz shows.. |
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Definition
| FCC requires all networks to have at least 1hr/week of primetime public affair documentaries, not competitive among networks. |
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| North American Version of verite. unbias, fly on the wall, strictly observational. (DA Pennebaker) |
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| film truth: observational style, appear in films, collaborate and induce conversation with subjects. Deals with Philosophical concerns, social attitudes, subjects view films. reflexive. (Broomfield) |
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| Both Direct and Cinema Verite |
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Definition
chronological record of events, immediacy and authenticity, (handheld cameras, small crews), little cuts (long takes, zooms, pans, focusing, following subjects through multiple environments, uncut.) lacks voiceover and non-diagetic music.
candid observations, bc camera is omnipresent. |
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leading direct cinema, followed musicians.
Pennebaker- Don't Look Back- bob dylan doc. authentic, he doesn't intervene. fly on the wall of musician's interactions. |
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| Robert Drew and Frederick Wiseman |
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Definition
Direct Cinema, Drew- behind scenes of small scale, high pressure situations (Primary-1960)
Wiseman- high school insight, poses question of importance of high school monitor. |
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Definition
visual anthropology. educational supplement.
Martin and Osa Johnson, Flaherty, Boas?
exotic locales, people and traditions.
CRITICISMS- little context, so content is seen as imperialistic and exploitive of less civilized.
Gardner- Forest of Bliss (didnt watch!) |
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Definition
leading ethnographic cinematographer. 80 films more, cinema verite pioneer, self reflexive self-referential, questioning of his techniques.
"ethnofictions"- real ppl act out for camera everyday routines.
The Mad Masters 55- criticized for disturbing graphics and inhumane reps, lacked context also. *(pushed his self-referential style) |
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Definition
marxist radical left wing, govt critical, satire. Synthetic Documentary- compilation of archival footage and current footage.
radical scavenging to obtain footage, steal trade, to complete collages of footages. anti-direct cinema, believes in editing to make a point
Point of Order, Painters Painting. also |
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| In the Year of the Pig (69) |
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Definition
de Antonio- origins of Vietnam, portrays cynical soldiers, unintelligent govt personal, all edited for STRONG argument:
powerful juxtapositions, inclusions, anti-war. ANTI-DIRECT CINEMA OBJECTIVITY. funded from wealthy libs. |
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Term
| de Antonio distribution pioneer |
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Definition
eventually distributes independently, avante-garde experimental films. supported Gritty realist style, non-professionalism, improv.
Donated films to university archives as tax writeoffs, leading to more funding by wealthy libs. |
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Definition
| fiction plus documentary- archival footage, old films, staged scenes all combined. inlfuenced by psychoanalysts, surrealists. |
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| Dusan Makevejev- WR Mysteries of an Organism. |
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Definition
- reflects nuclear fears, civil rights, anti-imperialism. radical form=radical function **
believed observational films were too simple to evoke discussion or change.
concept- film should intentionally evoke uncomfortable feelings to grab world's attention.
CHALLENGE HOLLYWOOD SIMPLE NORMS- narrative ambiguity, open-ended, self-conscious. (Godard, Bergman) |
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Definition
rise of urban indie film culture, anti-hollywood studios. Modernist art and lit attracts youth students, fostered by nat'l quotas and subsidies, to develop a unique NATIONAL CINEMA
open ended, reflexive, etc |
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Definition
| fusion of left wing politics and modernist aesthetics, uncomfortable/radical films=radical function. |
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| Black Film Movement 50s-70s |
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Definition
eastern europe spread of short docs, critical of communism. Violence, "overstepping creative bounds"
BANNED BY GOV'T IN 60'S, eventually. |
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| After 60's docs switched from current footage to historical cinema |
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Definition
away from direct cinema, use archives and arrange/edit to make a point.
eg The Sorrow and the Pity- 1970- newsreel/interviews to raise issue of french complicity in holocaust. |
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Definition
films about personalities, explore specific characters or places with character. (personal exploration-filmmaker figures out aspect of self--recent!)
Biggie and Tupac- Broomfield
The Times of Harvey Milk (84) |
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Definition
| coined by Bill Nichols, cutting from interviews and archival footage to make a point --Year of the Pig .eg. |
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| Harlan County- Barbara Kopple 1976 |
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Definition
| evidentiary editing, to connect present to past. news footage and reports of past, current footage of present. editing to emphasize cyclical nature of organized worker struggles/strikes. stresses role of women in struggles. film takes A SIDE! uses music, mixing traditional and modern songs to connectpast and present and create connection. |
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Definition
Hates that film is becoming history, archives and re-use of old footage. A filmmaker should CREATE footage.
INTERROTRON- induce more truthful/real interviews and connections.
Seeking information of truth, and complexities of the human mind. Interrogate truth/falsity-
Gates of Heaven 78 pet cemetary
Mr Death 99- electric chair man, holocaust denier.
Std Op. Procedure '08 |
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Definition
post-modern, stylized, reinactments OVER archival footage, controls use of color. Slow motion used, expressionistic. motif shots, emblematic shots, styled to question ability of cinema to capture truth, recognizes idea that truth is out there.
Multiple accounts of a murder, each re-enacted stylistically to portray each subject's version of truth. subjects become "actors in competing narratives" in this context, hence the fiction-like style of their versions of the story. VERY SELF-REFERENTIAL and conscious of existence of film.
music- contemplative and non-disruptive, flowing. |
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Definition
| Poetic, expository, observational, interactive, reflexive, performative. |
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| subjective, avante-garde, attempts to evoke experience and feeling, not just explain. Against objective/realist docs. |
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Bill Nichols-
performative, majority staged (black backdrop), subjective. Expository on gay black communities. Dancing, rapping, reading, prosing for the camera. blunt poetry, radical memoirs and words spoken. uses slow motion and poetic voiceovers to convey attiture and feelings.
music follows the ups and downs, contributing to evoking mood. |
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Definition
actualities about animals, zoos.
Martin and Osa Johnson in 20s and 30s- "Jungle Adventures, Simba:King of the Beasts"
by 1910- slow motion and time lapse technologies used. |
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Definition
animals and plants manipulated and presented to form STORIES.
post wwII- feature length nature docs (eg- ARNE SUCKSDORF- The Great Adventure 1953)
Disney's "True Life Adventures"- 40s and 50s- episodes of animals, personified.- Seal Island, Beaver Valley- for more appeal, less of a doc feel.
60s-80s- tv nature docs prevail "Wild Kingdom 63, Discovery Channel" 85 |
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Definition
often staged, to capture certain actions or animals with decent light, relocate to sets.
animals are anthropomorphized, given human characteristics. Not Real! says the critiques.
also critique their portrayal as living in a world secluded from humans |
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Term
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Definition
uses macrocinematography- to capture small creatures close up, often used on sets. uses other tech. eg not to burn bugs with lights too close.
visual bridges- connect plants and animals
animals humanized- snails making love (music accompanies), hardworking spider underwater. |
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| Gunner Palace 05 Michael Tucker |
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Definition
Introduced as light-hearted, comedy prevails throughout the film. candid, humerous conversations with soldiers, relatable portrayals.
End brings full circle, reminds us that their situation is real, dangerous and much more permanent than the short film that we've just watched. (self-referential)
more entertaining and candid , brings us non-war aspects of being abroad. Much more casual/funny/lighthearted. no archival footage shown, unlike other iraq war docs |
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