Term
| What bond connects the sugar and the phospahte in DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| When during the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| When during the cell cycle does Protein Synthesis occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does RNA polymerase do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does DNA polymerase do? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Connects Okazaki Fragments |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why are there replication bubbles made during DNA replication? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of RNA and where in the cell are they found? |
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Definition
-mRNA - carried from nucleus to cytoplasm
-tRNA - carries amino acid to the mRNA + ribosomes
-rRNA - makes up ribosomes along with protein |
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Term
| What are the goals of transcription and translation? |
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Definition
Transcription - Make mRNA from DNA
Translation - Make protein from mRNA |
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Term
| What must happen to the mRNA before it can leave the nucleus? |
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Definition
| introns are removed in eukaryotes and exons are put back together |
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Term
| Explain how RNA polymerase knows when to start and stop transcription? |
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Definition
Start - Binds to promoter region
Stop - Terminator region |
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Term
| What is the first amino acid in every protein? The first codon? What kind of bond connects two amino acids? |
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Definition
MET is the first amino acid
AUG is the first codon
A peptide bond connects two amino acids |
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Term
| What is the role of tRNA in translation? |
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Definition
| Brings amino acids to codons |
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Term
| Explain what happens in translation |
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Definition
| The codons (mRNA) are chosen to code for certain amino acids (look at slide 22 for more info.) |
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Term
| Differentiate between point and frameshift mutations. What two things can cause frameshift mutations? |
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Definition
point - One substitution of base, silent mutation, change one amino acid
frameshift - Insertion or deletion of one or more bases |
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Term
| Do all point mutations cause a genetic disorder? Why or why not? |
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Definition
| No because of silent mutations where multiple codons code for the same amino acid |
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Term
| Where are the codons and anticodons found? How many nucleotides compose them? |
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Definition
codons - mRNA
anticodons - tRNA
3 bases |
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Term
| What are some examples of mutagens? |
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Definition
-Smoking
-UV Light
-Reactive material |
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Term
| How can a mutated gene become a shorter protein than the normal gene? A longer protein? |
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Definition
| Premature stop codon or mutating stop into amino acid codon |
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Term
| Where are ribosomes made and what are they composed of? |
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Definition
| Nucleolus - mRNA + protein |
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Term
| Why is the genetic code redundant? |
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Definition
| Multiple codons code for the same amino acids |
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Term
| Do stop codons code for a specific amino acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain what differentiates different types of cells in your body? |
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Definition
| Which genes get transcribed and translated into protein |
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Term
| Name one protein that all cells must make and name a protein that only one type of cell will make |
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Definition
| All must make ATP synthase but only the pancreas makes insulin |
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Term
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Definition
| When specific proteins are made. |
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