Term
| What bond forms between growing nucleotide chain and the new nucleotie |
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Definition
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Term
| Which direction does the DNA strand grow? |
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Definition
| 5' to 3'. A base is always added at the 3' end. |
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Term
| What enzyme destroys the hydrogen bonds that bring base pairs together? |
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Definition
| helicases. DNA is synthesized in two directions |
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Term
| Dna polymerase can't add a new nucleotide to just one nucleotide base paired to DNA. What is the solution? |
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Definition
| An RNA polymerase can add ribonucleotide to a single strand of DNA without a primer. RNA must be there first before DNA synthesis can begin. |
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Term
| exonuclease vs endonucleases? |
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Definition
| exonucleases cut DNA from the end.endonucleases do it from inside the DNA. exonucleases come in 5' and 3' cutting types. |
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Term
| What olé to exonucleases play in DNA replication? |
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Definition
| They proof read the DNA adclave away mismatched duplexes on the end. |
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Term
| How does DNA synthesize the 3'-5'strand? |
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Definition
| Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. |
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Term
| What happens when the lagging strand polymerase meets the RNA primer? |
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Definition
| The RNA's Uracil and oxy form tell the DNA polymerase that it needs to be cleaved away. RNA-DNA strands forms a different helix than DNA-DNA strands. |
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Term
| Which enzyme closes Okazaki fragments? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which enzyme changes the topology of DNA and works to get the special orientation of the DNA correct? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which enzyme does the end of DNA |
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Definition
| Telomerase and it ha its own RNA primer |
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Term
| What is reverse transcriptase? |
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Definition
| When RNA is used to make DNA. HIV uses this |
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Term
| What happens if you don't have telomerase? |
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Definition
| The DNA gets shorter. When DNA gets to a certain length it stops dividing. |
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Term
| What cells have telomerase |
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Definition
| stem cells. Cancer cells. |
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Term
| What is the result of deamination |
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Definition
| Cytokine turns into Uracil. Adenine turns into hypoxanthine |
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Term
| What does hypoxanthine do to DNA pairing? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ultraviolet light causes thymine to mutate. Causes skin cancer. Enzymes recognize the thymine dimer and repairs the dimer. |
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Term
| How do enzymes recognize the incorrect base pair? |
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Definition
| The mismatched base pair causes the wrong pair to oscillate between association and distortion that the enzyme detects. |
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Term
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Definition
| p53 is a protein that recognizes damaged DNA. When p53 is raised to a certain level p53 initiates apoptosis. |
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Term
| What if p53 is not functioning |
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Definition
| Inefficient DNA repair, and the risk of cancer goes way up because mutation become much more likely. |
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Term
| Is p53 a oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene? |
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Definition
| Tumor suppressor because it stops cancer when active. Ras is oncogene because it promotes cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| This lecture secret question |
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Definition
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