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| made up of long chains of amino acid |
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| Discovered that DNA was genetic material |
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| The process of picking up DNA from the environment |
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| The amount of Guanine equals the amount of Cytosine, and the amount of Adenine equals the amount of thymine |
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| weak bonds that join the base pairs of DNA |
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| discovered that DNA is a double helix |
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| built the first model DNA using Chargaff's and Franklin's data. Also developed the idea of semi-conservative replication |
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| subunits that make up DNA |
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| double ringed nitrogen base |
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| single ring nitrogen bases |
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| ____ hydrogen bonds are required to join guanine and cytosine |
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| two____ hydrogen bonds are required to to join adenine and thymine |
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| replication begins at this point |
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| Enzyme that uncoils the DNA |
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| must be present to start the addition of new nucleotides |
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| catalyzes the addition of appropriate nucleotides to the new DNA strand |
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| DNA strand that is continuously synthesized as a single strand |
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| DNA strand the is continuously synthesized against the overall direction of replication |
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| the short segments of the lagging strand |
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| joins Okazaki Fragments into one strand |
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| Semi-Conservative replication |
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| Two strands of parental molecule separate, each acts as a template for a new complementary strand |
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| occurs when any of the repair enzymes remove damaged parts of the DNA |
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| It contains the sugar ribose and uracil replaces Thymine, and its single stranded |
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| RNA is different from DNA because |
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| Ribosobial, messenger, transfer |
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| the synthesis of mRNA from DNA, mRNA then takes genetic info into the cytoplasm to begin protein synthesis |
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| travel from the nucleus to the ribosome to direct the synthesis of a certain protein |
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| RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm |
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| smaller segments of RNA nucleotides that transfer amino acids to the ribosome. In translation thy act as interpreters of the mRNA codon sequence |
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| an enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis, initiates mRNA synthesis |
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| the three base code in DNA and mRNA |
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| when a code in the mRNA is read by the tRNA and translated to make a polypeptide |
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| George Beadle, Edward Tatum |
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| provided evidence that a gene can code for an enzyme by studying mold spores |
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| enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis |
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| the three base code in DNA and RNA |
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| once the 5' side of the mRNA attaches to the ribosome, this is where the code is read and translated to make a protein. Occurs is the cytoplasm in prokaryotes |
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| is complimentary to the codon in mRNA. is read 3' to 5' which is the opposite |
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