Term
| the emerging lang period milestones appear in what months of age? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the communicative acts of the emerging language period? |
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Definition
| 1. wrds, proto-words, gestures & vocalizations w/ communicative intent. |
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Term
| what are the average rate/min of the emerging lang period? 18 mos? 24 mos? |
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Definition
1. 18 mos 2 acts/min
2. 24 mos 5 acts/min |
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Term
| There's a gradual shift from Non-verbal to verbal dominance. 8-12mos___ 12-18___ 18-24mos____ |
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Definition
8-12mos: gestures dominate
12-18mos: gestures w/ proto-words + vocalizations
18-24mos: conventional words and combinations |
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Term
| What are the Range of intentions for a child in the EMERGING LANGUAGE PERIOD. (3) |
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Definition
1. proto-imperative (get adult to do someting.
- requests for objects, & actions, protests
2. proto-declaratives (get adult to focus on event)
3. Discourse functions (reference to previous speech acts)
- requests for info
- acknowledgments
- answers (responses to adult ?s) |
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Term
| What is the PHONOLOGY like for children in the EMERGING LANGUAGE PERIOD? |
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Definition
1. average-10 diff consonants by 24 mos
2. variety of syllable shapes by 24 mos (CV, VC, CVC)
3. multisyllable shapes by 24 mos
4. most likely learn new words w/in phonetic repertoires. |
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Term
| What is the LEXICON like for a child in the EMERGING LANGUAGE PERIOD? 18mos? 24mos? 30mos? |
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Definition
1. large variety in normal population
2. variability decreases dramatically in 3rd year.
3. 18mos: mean=110 wrds
- 16% have LOW VOCABULARIES
- variability in vocab is greater than the mean.
2. mean-312wrds, 16% < 150wrds, variability is 1/2 size of the mean
3. mean-540 words, 16%<450 wrds, variability = 18% of mean nearing "bell curve" |
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Term
| Early word combinations begin after ___ wrds are acquired. |
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Definition
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Term
| Early word combinations tend to be ___, ___, and ____ |
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Definition
| declaratives, affirmative, present context. |
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Term
| early wrd combos are telegraphic speech. @ 24 mos w/ MLU of ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| there are an equal amount of 1 and 2 wrd utterances in: |
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Definition
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Term
| early word combos are possibly based on: |
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Definition
semantic relations?
or
"frame and slot" schemes |
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Term
"Late talkers" (application of SLI exclusionary formula to toddlers)
You might be a late talker if: (4) |
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Definition
1. 18 mos<10 wrds
2. 24mos<50 wrds + NO 2 wrd combos
3. 1-3 yrs old <10%ile on standardized lang. test (MCDI, PLS)
4. includes children w/ receptive limitations |
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Term
| What is the prevalence of late talkers in 2 yr olds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the outcomes of "Late Talkers"? |
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Definition
1. "Late Bloomers" - kids who catch up by age 3 (w/ or w/o intervention) (~.5) [oftentimes these are kids w/ strong receptive skills]
2. "persistent late talkers"-kids who don't catch up by age 3 (~.5)
- Age 4-5 20% of late talkers "graduate to SLI" (continue to show lang probs)
- poorer receptive skills
- family history of LI/LD |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of assessment used for the emerging language period? |
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Definition
1. play assessment
2. communication assessment (standardized & non-standardized formats) |
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Term
| There is NO SUCH THING AS COGNITIVE PRE-REQUISITES FOR PLAY ASSESSMENT in kids @ emerging language stage. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. better picture of what the child brings to language learning tasks
2. selection of appropriate activities, materials, and contexts
3. maximize child's participation & motivation
- there are play scales. |
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Term
| Communication assessment has what kinds of formats? |
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Definition
1. standardized
2. non-standardized |
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Term
| what do standardized instruments check for the emerging language period? |
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Definition
- milestone checklists
- parent report scales (MCDI) it's a standardized parent rating scale checked against convo. lang sampling |
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Term
| Non-standardized communication assessment for emerging language period of development includes: |
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Definition
1. criterion referenced procedures
2. conversational sampling (if you compare this to MLU, it's standardized)
3. parental diaries |
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Term
| Comprehension & ___ of kids in emerging lang period are pretty close. |
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Definition
| within 18-30mos, comp & production are pretty close |
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Term
| Parents tend to ______ a child's word knowledge in the emerging language stage. |
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Definition
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Term
| What strategies do kids in emerging lang period use to participate appropriately? |
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Definition
Comprehension strategies
- errors produced in assessment can be used to establish which strategies the child is using. |
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Term
| what are some general considerations we should think about when assessing comprehension in kids during the emerging language period? |
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Definition
1. toddler vocab is idiosyncratic
2. ask about family names for things |
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Term
| What is the comprehension ability for kids 8-12 months? what is their comprehension strategy? |
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Definition
ability:
-understand a few single words in routine contexts
Strategies:
1. look @ object mom looks at
2. act on objects notice
3. imitate ongoing action |
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Term
| Comprehension ability for 12-18mos? strategies? |
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Definition
ability:
-understand single wrds outside of routine, but still need contextual support.
strategies:
1. attend to objects mentioned
2. give evidence of notice
3. do what usually do w/ object |
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Term
| comprehension ability for 18-24mos? strategies? |
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Definition
ability:
- understands wrds for abstract objects, some 2 term combinations
strategies:
-1. locate object mentioned, evidence of notice
2. put objects in containers on surfaces
3. act on object in way mentioned (child as agent) |
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Term
| Comprehension ability of 24-30mos? strategies? |
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Definition
ability:
-understands 3 term sen. but context/past experience determines meaning; little understanding of word order.
strategies:
1. probable location/probable event
2. supply missing information |
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Term
| What is the hierarchy of LEXICAL ASSESSMENT for children in the emerging lang period? (5 levels) |
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Definition
Level 1: parents bring 6-8 familiar objects
- don't look at item named
- don't point toward item named
- don't pick up item
Level 2: "Show me your __ (body part)"
- parent can model behavior
Level 3: test comprehension of VERBS using same object
- hit bear, pat bear, push bear, kiss bear etc.
Level 4: test for 2 word action-object instructions
-use unexpected combinations (kiss the car, lick the book)
Level 5: test for agent-action-object instructions
- show me "horse kicked the cow" (controls for child as agent strategy) |
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Term
| What are the methods for assessing PRODUCTION in the emerging language period? |
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Definition
1. parental diaries/reports
2. online conversational samples
3. transcribed conversational samples |
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Term
| analysis of production in the emerging lang period can look at __ & ___ |
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Definition
lexical inventories
proportion of utterances that are multiwrd utterances |
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Term
| Semantic Relations Analysis for kids in emerging lang period: |
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Definition
1. multiword utterances are coded into Brown's 11 categories + 1 other category
2. if majority of utterances are in "other" category, they're more advanced in semantic relations
3. if "other" category is less than 50% describe range of semantic relations used |
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