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Definition
| Grouping of organisms according to the extent to which they are related |
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Definition
| any part of the Earth inhabited by living organisms |
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| System of taxonomy grouping organisms by structural similarities, with every organism assigned a Latin name so all scientists could understand it, and with a system of binomial nomenclature where every organism has a name with 2 parts, the Genus and the Species |
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Definition
| One grouping in the Linnean system |
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| List distinguishing characteristics of Kingdom Eubacteria |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic "true bacteria" meaning the stuff we're familiar with, like the bacteria living in our bodies. |
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| List distinguishing characteristics of Kingdom Archaeabacteria |
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Definition
| Ancient prokaryotic bacteria living in harshest environments on the Earth, like very salty (halophiles) or very hot (thermophiles) places |
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| List distinguishing characteristics of Kingdom Protista |
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Definition
| Mostly single celled eukaryotic organisms, which are directly evolved from prokaryotes |
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| List distinguishing characteristics of Kingdom Fungi |
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Definition
| Eukaryotes which are very similar in structure to Plantae EXCEPT that cell walls DO NOT contain cellulose but chitin and they cannot carry out photosynthesis. Include moulds, yeasts and mushrooms. Usually metabolize outside the organism by releasing digestive enzymes onto the food. |
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| List distinguishing characteristics of Kingdom Plantae |
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Definition
| Multi-cellular eukaryotes whose cell walls are made of cellulose, and have the chloroplasts necessary for photosynthesis. Include mosses, ferns, and seed plants. Cannot locomote independently of outside stimulus |
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| List distinguishing characteristics of Kingdom Animalia |
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Definition
| Multi-cellular, eukaryotic organisms who are heterotrophic and whose cells have no walls. Divided into vertebrates and including all animals. Can locomote independently. |
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Definition
| Round, spherical bacteria |
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Term
| Describe the shape and formation of streptobacillus bacteria |
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Definition
| Chains of rod-shaped cells |
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| Distinguishing characteristics of prokaryotic cells |
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Definition
| Prokaryotes have no nuclear-bound membranes, and are almost always unicellular. |
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Term
| Obligate anaerobic bacteria |
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Definition
| CANNOT be exposed to oxygen or they will die |
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Definition
| Contain chlorophyll/blue equivalent allowing for photosynthesis |
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Definition
| Bacteria that "fix" atmospheric nitrogen into a more useful form such as ammonium |
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Definition
| Usually not as pathogenic as gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive basically just means that the cell wall retains the purple dye of the gram stain. |
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Definition
| Creation of disease. Pathogens are either EXOTOXINS, whose cell membranes are toxic, or ENDOTOXINS, who excrete toxic waste |
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Definition
| Idea that most bacteria are harmless or useful to us. The "natural flora" of our bodies |
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Term
| Why was a new taxon created for archaeabacteria? |
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Definition
| Because of the significant differences in cell membrane/wall structure and genome pattern. |
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| The 6 phylogenetic groups of Kingdom Eubacteria |
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Definition
| Spriochaetes, Chlamydias, Gram-positive, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria |
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Definition
| Protein shell in a virus that covers the genetic material and "packages" the genetic material for transport to other cells |
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Term
| Lytic cycle. Describe it. |
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Definition
-So named because it ends in lysis (rupture) of cell wall
-Virus latches onto outside receptors of cell and injects DNA into cell
-Virus hijacks cell's DNA reproduction mechanism and produces capsids by inscription
-Then DNA is assembled into capsids and a lytic enzyme is produced, rupturing the cell membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fungus-like, Animal-like, Plant-like |
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Definition
| Feed on dead organic material by endocytosis. Examples: slime mould, water slime mould |
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Definition
| eat or ingest material from local environment. Examples are amoeba, zooflagella, and ciliates |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain chlorophyll and can conduct photosynthetic reactions. |
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Term
| Trucker (r) brand caffeine pills |
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Definition
| The solution to an A+ on your exam |
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Term
| Fungi distinguishing characteristics |
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Definition
| Fungi are heterotrophic because they feed on dead/decaying matter. Eukaryotes. Fungi are saprobes because they feed by releasing enzymes onto their food and absorbing the processed nutrients. They are made up of hyphae, little strands which group to form a mycelium. These hyphae have cell walls but they are reinforced with chitin. |
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Definition
| Fungi that form associations with other plants so that both benefit from the mineral excretion of the other, like truffle mushrooms which live on the roots of trees. There are 2 kinds, those that wrap around the outside of the root, and those that remain inside the root. |
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Definition
| Most primitive fungi, produce sexually by conjugation to form a zygosphere. Example is a bread mold. Zygosphere is like a dormant fetus that waits for ideal growing conditions to burst forth. |
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Definition
| Most advanced fungi, include mushrooms and characterised by a water-absorbing cap/knob that can grow large. Inside the cap, there are gills that radiate outwards which each contain thousands of BASIDIA, spores that are carried by the winds to germinate on new ground by cell division. |
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Definition
| Sac fungi, which form (yep!) spore-bearing sacs. Unicellular yeasts, mildews, ergots, morels, cup fungi. Either produce sexually or asexually, forming ascospores or conidia, respectively. |
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Definition
| 2 organisms living together symbiotically: fungae and algae, where the algae can perform photosynthesis and the fungus provides nutrients and moisture. Can survive without soil or in other harsh conditions. |
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| Scale-like lichens on pebbles |
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Definition
| When an amoeba engulfs another smaller organism with a pseudopod, a temporary projection of cytoplasm. The organic material is then digested. |
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Definition
| Non-vascular plant that have no specialized tissue or stems, etc. Usually grow in dense mats and only grow a few inches tall. |
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Definition
| Plants which have naked seeds, like conifers, ginkos, and cycads. Defined by specialized reproductive cones where fertilization takes place. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Covered seed", the most successful group of plants on Earth. Seeds are fertilized in the flower and the seeds are able to grow in a much more diverse set of environments because it is covered and protected. |
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