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Definition
| how behavior adapts, varies, evolves |
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Definition
| bats that eat flowers, fruit nectar |
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Definition
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| special case of natural selection (Darwin) |
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Definition
| (borgia) appearance, ability to thrive |
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Definition
| (Zahavi) can have big antlers etc. and still defend against predators |
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Term
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Definition
| (darwin) -Just like the way they look |
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Term
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Definition
| (Fisher)- method of selection is gen to gen, can cause a buildup of trait (bigger elk antlers until they become a problem) |
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Term
| Pecking Order/dominance hierarchy |
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Definition
| (fight one another to determine dominance) linear sequence of dominant and sub-dominant males |
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Term
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Definition
| (Song, plumage) other ritualized behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| # of songs a bird can sing (directly correlated with repro. Success) |
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Definition
| male offers a gift (berry, grub)/ shows interest and ability to provide |
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Definition
| Arena where birds gather in one spot to "put on a show" or any courtship territory |
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Definition
| one male, several females |
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Term
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Definition
attract female with objects if you don’t have fancy plummage
(diamond rings) |
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Term
| extrinsic limiting factor |
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Definition
| outside the organism (sun, food, water [abiotic] competition, predation [biotic]) |
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Term
| intrinsic limiting factor |
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Definition
within organism/ controlled by organism
(behavior, reproductive psychology) |
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Term
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Definition
| depend on density of population |
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Definition
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Term
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| nature is not at equilib. bc of disturbances (a-forest fire, b-disease) |
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Term
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Definition
2+ organisms use the same resource in away that affects the birth/ death rate
*Density dependent, extrinsic |
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Term
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Definition
| role that species plays in bio community |
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Term
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Definition
| needs/ parameters in which organism can survive |
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Term
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Definition
| role of organism if there were no competition |
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Term
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Definition
| role of organism with competition |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 species cannot do this if they have the same limiting resource |
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Term
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Definition
| live in same area/habitat/time of day but use resources in a different way |
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Term
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Definition
| modify physical shape [via natural selection] to coexist |
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Term
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Definition
| exploitative competition where all organisms use up all resources (everyone gets some) |
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Term
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Definition
interference competition with face to face battle over resources
*winner takes all, territorial animals |
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Term
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Definition
| area that an animal defends |
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Term
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Definition
| one superior competitor forces another species into local extinction |
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Term
| Mixed Species foraging flock |
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Definition
| resource partitioners who collect more resources than solitary birds |
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Term
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Definition
| bachelor bird with no territory |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| feeds on host but doesnt kill it |
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Term
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Definition
| insects that lay eggs in host and upon hatching, the offspring eats host alive |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| predator/prey evolve together |
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Term
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Definition
| populations fluctuate with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| community would collapse without them |
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Definition
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Definition
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| hide until prey comes to you |
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Term
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Definition
| org. in same habitat that interact |
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Term
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Definition
| how many species in community & how many individuals of each species |
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Definition
| linear sequence of predator and prey |
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Term
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Definition
| interconnection of food chains |
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Term
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Definition
| (Elton) larger the animal, smaller number of them |
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Term
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Definition
| (Lindeman) Energy is lost at each trophic level |
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Definition
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Definition
| all bio communities in area w/ physical habitat |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Gross Primary Production (GPP) |
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Definition
| solar energy assimilated by plants |
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Term
| Net Primary Production (NPP) |
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Definition
| total dry weight of new biomass added over one year (wetland high, desert low) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Predator:Prey ratio (PPR) |
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Definition
biomass predator/biomass prey
ectotherms=high
endotherms= low |
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Term
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Definition
| found more evidence of something so estimates of how many actually existed may be inaccurate |
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