Shared Flashcard Set

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Diversity Midterm 2
Adoption, Single Motherhood, Cohabitation, Marriage
48
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
04/15/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Confidential Adoption
Definition
no information shared between adoptive family and birth relatives
Term
Mediated Adoption
Definition
some indirect contact moderated by agency
Term
Open Adoption
Definition

open contact between birth relatives and adoptive parents

 

-biological mother has input and conditions: selection of parents, frequency of contact

-works best for parents who want and value them

-children not adversely affected in terms of self esteem

-require flexibility, good communication skills

-child's best interest in mind

Term
How many Step-Parent Adoptions are there a year?
Definition
100,000 adoptions
Term
Step-Parent Adoptions
Definition

-normalizes roles within a family

-severs ties with nonresident parent, especially if uninvolved

-requires consent of nonresident parent

Term
How much percent of adoptions are Transracial?
Definition
17% of adoptions
Term
Transracial Adoptions + Benefits
Definition

-African American + white parents = most common

-opposition exists (NABSW)

-benefits:

-->children not negatively affected

-->multiracial backgrounds

-->heightened skills at bridging cultures

Term
How much percent of adoptions are International?
Definition
5% of adoptions
Term
How much do International Adoptions cost?
Definition
$20k - $30k
Term
International Adoptions
Definition

-most expensive

-parents try to maintain bicultural identity

-unexpected difficulties

-->Russia - fetal alcohol syndrome

-->Korea - suspended adoptions bc of sibling issues

Term
How many kids are raised by Gay/Lesbian Parents?
Definition
65,000 kids
Term
Same-Sex Adoption
Definition

-typically single-parent

-controversial, no reliable statistics

Term

Reunions with Birth Parents

Adopted Child

Definition

-gain knowledge of genetic factors

-health history

-identity

Term

Reunions with Birth Parents

Birth Parents

Definition

-what does my child look like?

-may be motivated by guilt

-clarify expectations

Term

Reunions with Birth Parents

Adoptive Parents

Definition

-apprehension- worry about competition

-what if child is unhappy afterwards?

-most adopted kids satisfied with adoptive parents

Term

__% of Adopted Kids

who seek out reunions say they're satisfied with their adoptive parents

Definition
90% of adopted kids
Term
Critical Incidents of Adoptive Parenthood
Definition

-defining biological parenthood

-letting go of biological parenthood

-turning attention to adoptive parenthood

Term
Obstacles in the Transition to Adoptive Parenthood
Definition

-uncertainty of child's background

-uncertainty of outcome of parental involvement

Term
Types of Adoption
Definition

-20% public agencies

-40% private adoptions

-40% kinship adoptions

Term
How much percent of parents are satisfied with infant adoptions?
Definition
84% of parents
Term
Adoption Disruption
Definition

-2% of agency adoptions

-<1% of infant adoptions

-10% kids 3+

-15% kids with special needs

-40% kids 12-17

Term
Describe differences in Development for Adopted Children
Definition

-adopted children more likely to visit a therapist

-->identity

-->parents higher SES

-single parent vs. two parent families

-->fewer problems in single parent families

-->select singles adopt, possibly more time if no siblings

Term
Diversity in Adoption
Definition
strategies, decisions, dilemmas adoptive families face and must resolve
Term
Social Disclosure Patterns
Definition

-Advocates- carry passion out into community

-Moderate Disclosures- share adoptive experience openly with social sphere, but do not advocate

-Reluctant Disclosures- family and close friends only

Term
Question Adopted Teens must ask
Definition
Who am I [as an adopted teen?] <-- added complexity
Term
Identity Patterns
Definition

-Unexamined Identity - not really thought much about it, not a big issue

-Limited Identity - beginning to explore meaning of adoption; discussions generally positive

-Unsettled Identity

-->discomfort when thinking about adoption

-->negative emotions toward birth parents

-->confidential adoptives bothered by lack of info

-->those with some contact not satisfied enough

-Integrated Identity - adoption = important element of their lives; positive feelings

Term
How many Foster Families?
Definition
500,000
Term
2007 in US
Definition

-most babies were born in one year

-over 4,300,000

-NOT a baby boom (2.1 avg)

-most mothers 20+

Term
% of Unmarried Births
Definition

-1960 -- 5.3%

-2005 -- 37%

-half are to cohabitors (whites in 20s-30s)

Term
How much percent of single mothers are adolescent?
Definition
30% of single mothers
Term
How many single adolescent mother pregnancies are there a year?
Definition
1 million pregnancies
Term
How many births are given by single adolescent mothers every year?
Definition
500,000 births
Term
Challenges to Single Adolescent Mothers
Definition

-hard time adjusting to adolescence

-lack of emotional maturity, resources

Term
More Single Women choosing to have children out of Wedlock
Definition

-women in 20s and 30s

-cohabitating

-keeping accidental pregnancies

-planning pregnancies with boyfriends

-have no man in the picture

Term

Single Moms

Discrimination

Definition

-most young and uneducated

-mot give up babies because of societal stigma

-strong rejection from family and friends

-leaders trying to provide acceptance

Term
__% of families have one parent and a child 18 or younger
Definition
24%
Term

Single Moms

Impact on Children's Education

Definition

-two parent families have more resources --> better outcomes

-inconsistent findings regarding impact on school performance

-mother's education and ability level = predictor of child development

-favorable household characteristics can lower risk factor

Term

Single Moms

by Choice

Definition

-growing trend

-mid-late 30s

-no partner, husband

-choose pregnancy w/ someone they know or donor insemination

-blogs, support groups, books

-not as much public support

Term

Single Moms

Characteristics (study)

Definition

-desire to nurture

-adequate social support

-good attitude

 

-maturity

-financial situation

-strong social support

Term

Single Moms

Major Concepts (study)

Definition

-financial autonomy

-time is running out (biological clock, social pressure)

Term
How much % of children are adopted in the US?
Definition
2.5%
Term
___ have highest rate of adoption relative to their population.
Definition
Asians
Term
More girls or boys put up for adoption? Why?
Definition
Girls. Often because of view that it's more productive to have a boy (Chinese)
Term
Most Common Profile of Adoptive Parents
Definition
older, highly educated, high incomes
Term
Incentives for Adoption
Definition

-fed tax credit of $10k

-paid leave

-assist with finances

Term
Adopted reached peak in ___. Why?
Definition
1970; contraception, abortion, more likely to keep babies
Term
___% of cohabitating homes have kids
Definition
40%
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