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Diuretic Therapy and Drugs for Renal Failure
Drugs and terms related to renal failur
5
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
07/12/2012
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Term
Renal Failure
 Definition
A decrease in the kidney's ability to maintain electrolyte and fluid balance and to excrete wast products.
Term
Nephrotoxic Drugs
 Definition

Aminoglycosides (infection)

Amphotericin B (Systemic antifungal infection)

Angiotensin0Converting enzyme  (ACE) inhibitors (HTN, heart failure)

Cisplatin/carboplatin (Cancer)

Cyclosporine/tacrolimus (Immunosuppression)

Foscarnet (Viral Infection)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)  (Inflammation)

Pentamidine (Infection- Pneumocystis)

Radiographic contras agents (Diagnosis of kidney and vascular disorders)

*Patients recieving these drugs must recie3ve frequent kidney function tests.
Term
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
 Definition
The volume of filtrate passing through Bowman capsules per minute. With relation to Renal Failure: GFR gradually lowers because nephrons compensate for non-functional nephrons.   No symptoms my arise until 50% or more have failed. pg 419
Term
Diuretics
 Definition

Drugs  that alter the volume and/or composition of body fluids.

Commonly used to treat: 

*Hypertension

*Heart failure

*Kidney failure

*Liver failure or cirrhosis

*Pulmonary edema
Term
Diuretic major groups
 Definition

Loop diuretic- prevents the reabsorption of Na+ in the loop of Henle.  Can produce large increase in urine output.

 

Thiazides- act by blocking Na+ in the distal tubule. Less diuresis than loop diuretics (because normally most Na+ is already absorbed before the distal tubule).

 

Potassium sparing- minimal  effect on potassium(K+) excretion.
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