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DIT Quizzes Day 9
Endocrine
79
Other
Professional
05/20/2013

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Term
What portion of the thalamus relays somatosensory info from the body (via medial lemniscus and spinothalamic tracts)
Definition
VPL
Term
What portion of the thalamus relays the following info:
Cerebellum and basal ganglia--> motor cortex
Definition
VL
Term
What portion of the thalamus relays the following info:
Trigeminothalamic and taste pathways to somatosensory cortex?
Definition
VPM
Term
What portion of the thalamus relays the following info:
Mamillothalamic tract--> cingulate gyrus
Definition
Anterior nucleus
Term
What portion of the thalamus relays the following info:
integration of visual, auditory, and somesthetic input
Definition
Pulvinar nucleus
Term
What portion of the thalamus relays the following info:
memory loss results if destroyed
Definition
Medial dorsal
Term
What portion of the thalamus relays the following info:
(Auditory info) brachium of inferior colliculus--> primary auditory cortex
Definition
Medial geniculate body
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates bone and muscle growth
Definition
Growth hormone (GH)
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates milk production and secretion
Definition
prolactin
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates milk secretion during lactation
Definition
Oxytocin
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Responsible for female secondary sex characteristics
Definition
Estrogen
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates metabolic activity
Definition
Thyroid hormone
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Increases blood glucose level and decreases protein synthesis
Definition
Glucocorticoids
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Responsible for male secondary sex characteristics
Definition
Testosterone
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Prepares endometrium for implantation/ maintenance of pregnancy
Definition
Progesterone
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete cortisol
Definition
ACTH
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates follicle maturation in females and spermatogenesis in males
Definition
FSH
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Increases plasma calcium, increases bone resorption
Definition
Parathyroid hormone
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Decreases plasma calcium, increases bone formation
Definition
Calcitonin
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone synthesis in males
Definition
LH
Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates thyroid to produce TH and uptake iodine
Definition
TSH
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Growth hormone
Definition
Anterior pituitary
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Thyroid hormone
Definition
Thyroid
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Glucocorticoids
Definition
Zona fasciculata(adrenal cortex)
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Progesterone
Definition
Ovaries, placenta
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Prolactin
Definition
Anterior pit
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Oxytocin
Definition
Hypothalamus, but stored in posterior pit
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
ANH (vasopressin)
Definition
Heart
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Glucagon
Definition
Alpha cells of pancreas
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Testosterone
Definition
testes, ovaries, adrenal cortex (zona reticularis)
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
FSH
Definition
Anterior pituitary
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
ADH
Definition
Hypothalamus, but stored posterior pituitary
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Calcitonin
Definition
Parafollicular C cells that reside in thyroid
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
TSH
Definition
Anterior pituitary
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Definition
Chromaffin cells of Adrenal medulla
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Insulin
Definition
Beta cells of pancreas
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Estradiol
Definition
Ovary
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Estriol
Definition
placenta
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Estrone
Definition
Fat cells
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Estrogen in males
Definition
testes
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
PTH
Definition
Parathyroid gland
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Somatostatin
Definition
pancreas (delta cells)
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
LH
Definition
anterior pituitary
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Mineralocorticoids
Definition
Zona granulosa (adrenal cortex)
Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Definition
Anterior pituitary
Term
A 50 year old female complains of double vision, amenorrhea, and headaches. What is the most likely diagnosis
Definition
Prolactinoma
Term
A patient's MRI reveals replacement of the tissue within the sella turcica with CSF. What is the most likely presentation
Definition
Empty sell syndrome:
Usually subclinical, but sometimes you may have deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones
Term
What hormones arise from the anterior pituitary?
Definition
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
GH
Term
What hormones share a common alpha subunit?
Definition
TSH, LH, FSH, hCG
Term
What are 3 functions of vitamin D
Definition
Increase absorption of dietary calcium and phosphate
Increase bone resorption of calcium and phosphate
Term
How does PTH affect calcium and phosphate?
Definition
Increases serum Ca levels by increasing bone resorption and kidney reabsorption;
Decreases kidney reabsorption of phosphate
Term
What cells secrete calcitonin?
Definition
parafollicular C cells of the thyroid
Term
What are two signs of hypocalcemia?
Definition
Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign
Term
What are the two most common causes of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Definition
Solitary parathyroid adenoma and parathyroid hyperplasia
Term
What is the underlying cause of renal osteodystrophy?
Definition
Bone lesions due to secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism sue in turn to renal disease. Retain phosphate, decreased calcium
Term
What agents can be used to treat osteoporosis?
Definition
Bisphosphonates, Calcium, Vitamin D, Pulsatile PTH, Calcitonin, Estrogen, Tamoxifen or raloxifen
Term
Which hormones work via tyrosine kinase second messenger?
Definition
Insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF
GH, Prolactin
Term
Which cancers are associated with hypercalcemia?
Definition
Squamous cell carcinoma
Renal carcinoma
Multiple myeloma
Term
A young woman is found to have short stature and shortened 4th and 5th metacarpals; What endocrine disorder is likely responsible for these manifestations?
Definition
Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy
Term
What is the MOA of bisphosphonates?
Definition
Inhibits osteoclasts
Term
What are some possible causes of hypocalcemia?
Definition
Hypoparathyroidism
Thyroid surgery, DiGeorge syndrome
Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Extremely tender thyroid gland
Definition
Subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain's)
Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Pretibial myxedema
Definition
Grave's disease)
Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Pride in recent weight loss, medical professional
Definition
Exogenous TH (TH abuse)
Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Palpation of a single thyroid nodule
Definition
Toxic thyroid adenoma
Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Palpation of multiple thyroid nodules
Definition
Toxic multinodular goiter
Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Recent study using IV contrast dye
Definition
Jod-Basedow phenomenon
Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Eye changed (proptosis, edema, injection)
Definition
Grave's disease
Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Hx of thyroidectomy or radio-ablation of thyroid
Definition
Exogenous TH
Term
A 35 year old female presents with a diffuse goiter and hyperthyroidism. What are the most likely relative values of TSH and thyroid hormones?
Definition
Grave's disease
low TSH
high T4
Term
A 48 year old woman has been suffering from progressive lethargy and extreme cold intolerance. What is the most likely dx?
Definition
Hypothyroidism
Term
Most common type of thyroid cancer (70-75%)?
Definition
Papillary carcinoma
Term
Second most common type of thyroid cancer (10%)
Definition
Follicular carcinoma
Term
What thyroid cancer is a/w activation of receptor tyrosine kinases?
Definition
Papillary and Medullary
Term
Hashimoto's thryoiditis is a risk factor for developing what thyroid cancer?
Definition
Lymphoma
Term
What thyroid cancer arises from parafollicular C cells?
Definition
Medullary carcinoma
Term
What thyroid cancer is commonly a/w either RAS mutation or PAX8-PPAR gamma 1 rearrangement?
Definition
Follicular
Term
What thyroid cancer is commonly a/w rearrangements in RET oncogene or NTRK1
Definition
Papillary
Term
What thyroid cancer is a/w mutation in the BRAF gene (serine/threonine kinase)
Definition
Papillary
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