Term
| What portion of the thalamus relays somatosensory info from the body (via medial lemniscus and spinothalamic tracts) |
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Definition
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Term
What portion of the thalamus relays the following info:
Cerebellum and basal ganglia--> motor cortex |
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Definition
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Term
What portion of the thalamus relays the following info:
Trigeminothalamic and taste pathways to somatosensory cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
What portion of the thalamus relays the following info:
Mamillothalamic tract--> cingulate gyrus |
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Definition
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Term
What portion of the thalamus relays the following info:
integration of visual, auditory, and somesthetic input |
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Definition
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Term
What portion of the thalamus relays the following info:
memory loss results if destroyed |
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Definition
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Term
What portion of the thalamus relays the following info:
(Auditory info) brachium of inferior colliculus--> primary auditory cortex |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates bone and muscle growth |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates milk production and secretion |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates milk secretion during lactation |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Responsible for female secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates metabolic activity |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Increases blood glucose level and decreases protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Responsible for male secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Prepares endometrium for implantation/ maintenance of pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete cortisol |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates follicle maturation in females and spermatogenesis in males |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Increases plasma calcium, increases bone resorption |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Decreases plasma calcium, increases bone formation |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone synthesis in males |
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Definition
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Term
What hormone has the following action:
Stimulates thyroid to produce TH and uptake iodine |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Growth hormone |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Thyroid hormone |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Glucocorticoids |
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Definition
| Zona fasciculata(adrenal cortex) |
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Progesterone |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Prolactin |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Oxytocin |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus, but stored in posterior pit |
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
ANH (vasopressin) |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Glucagon |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Testosterone |
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Definition
| testes, ovaries, adrenal cortex (zona reticularis) |
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
FSH |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
ADH |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus, but stored posterior pituitary |
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Calcitonin |
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Definition
| Parafollicular C cells that reside in thyroid |
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
TSH |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Definition
| Chromaffin cells of Adrenal medulla |
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Insulin |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Estradiol |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Estriol |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Estrone |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Estrogen in males |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
PTH |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Somatostatin |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
LH |
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Definition
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Mineralocorticoids |
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Definition
| Zona granulosa (adrenal cortex) |
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Term
From where is the following hormone secreted:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
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Definition
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Term
| A 50 year old female complains of double vision, amenorrhea, and headaches. What is the most likely diagnosis |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient's MRI reveals replacement of the tissue within the sella turcica with CSF. What is the most likely presentation |
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Definition
Empty sell syndrome:
Usually subclinical, but sometimes you may have deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones |
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Term
| What hormones arise from the anterior pituitary? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormones share a common alpha subunit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 functions of vitamin D |
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Definition
Increase absorption of dietary calcium and phosphate
Increase bone resorption of calcium and phosphate |
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Term
| How does PTH affect calcium and phosphate? |
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Definition
Increases serum Ca levels by increasing bone resorption and kidney reabsorption;
Decreases kidney reabsorption of phosphate |
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Term
| What cells secrete calcitonin? |
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Definition
| parafollicular C cells of the thyroid |
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Term
| What are two signs of hypocalcemia? |
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Definition
| Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign |
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Term
| What are the two most common causes of primary hyperparathyroidism? |
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Definition
| Solitary parathyroid adenoma and parathyroid hyperplasia |
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Term
| What is the underlying cause of renal osteodystrophy? |
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Definition
| Bone lesions due to secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism sue in turn to renal disease. Retain phosphate, decreased calcium |
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Term
| What agents can be used to treat osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| Bisphosphonates, Calcium, Vitamin D, Pulsatile PTH, Calcitonin, Estrogen, Tamoxifen or raloxifen |
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Term
| Which hormones work via tyrosine kinase second messenger? |
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Definition
Insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF
GH, Prolactin |
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Term
| Which cancers are associated with hypercalcemia? |
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Definition
Squamous cell carcinoma
Renal carcinoma
Multiple myeloma |
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Term
| A young woman is found to have short stature and shortened 4th and 5th metacarpals; What endocrine disorder is likely responsible for these manifestations? |
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Definition
| Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy |
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Term
| What is the MOA of bisphosphonates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some possible causes of hypocalcemia? |
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Definition
Hypoparathyroidism
Thyroid surgery, DiGeorge syndrome |
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Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Extremely tender thyroid gland |
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Definition
| Subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain's) |
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Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Pretibial myxedema |
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Definition
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Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Pride in recent weight loss, medical professional |
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Definition
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Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Palpation of a single thyroid nodule |
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Definition
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Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Palpation of multiple thyroid nodules |
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Definition
| Toxic multinodular goiter |
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Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Recent study using IV contrast dye |
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Definition
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Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Eye changed (proptosis, edema, injection) |
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Definition
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Term
What would you expect to be the cause of hyperthyroidism in a patient presenting with the following additional findings:
Hx of thyroidectomy or radio-ablation of thyroid |
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Definition
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Term
| A 35 year old female presents with a diffuse goiter and hyperthyroidism. What are the most likely relative values of TSH and thyroid hormones? |
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Definition
Grave's disease
low TSH
high T4 |
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Term
| A 48 year old woman has been suffering from progressive lethargy and extreme cold intolerance. What is the most likely dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common type of thyroid cancer (70-75%)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Second most common type of thyroid cancer (10%) |
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Definition
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Term
| What thyroid cancer is a/w activation of receptor tyrosine kinases? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hashimoto's thryoiditis is a risk factor for developing what thyroid cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What thyroid cancer arises from parafollicular C cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What thyroid cancer is commonly a/w either RAS mutation or PAX8-PPAR gamma 1 rearrangement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What thyroid cancer is commonly a/w rearrangements in RET oncogene or NTRK1 |
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Definition
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Term
| What thyroid cancer is a/w mutation in the BRAF gene (serine/threonine kinase) |
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Definition
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