Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
Derivative of 6mercaptopurine |
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Definition
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Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
Causes phocomelia |
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Definition
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Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
Nephrotoxic in 75% of patients |
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Definition
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Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
SE: acne, osteoporosis, HTN, hyperglycemia, immunosuppression-> infection |
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Definition
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Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
Inhibits secretion of IL-2 |
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Definition
| Tacrolimus and cyclosporine |
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Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
Akylating agent that requires bioactivation in the liver |
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Definition
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Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase |
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Definition
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Term
| What arachidonic acid product has actions that oppose those of prostacyclin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What substances are well known for causing hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency? |
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Definition
Fava beans
Sulfonamides
high dose aspirin
primaquine
isoniazid
ibuprofen
nitrofurantoin
dapsone
naphthalene |
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Term
| What enzyme is deficient in fructose intolerance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme is deficient in essential fructosuria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme is deficient in classic galactosemia? |
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Definition
| galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase |
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Term
| What might you see in a first trimester ultrasound of a fetus with Down syndrome? |
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Definition
| Increased nuchal translucency |
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Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Reabsorbs 67% of fluids and electrolytes filtered by the glomerulus |
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Definition
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Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Segment responsible for concentrating urine |
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Definition
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Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Site of secretion of organic anions and cations |
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Definition
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Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Always impermeable to water |
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Definition
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Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Permeable ot water only in the presence of ADH |
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Definition
| Collecting duct and late distal tubule |
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Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Site of Na/2Cl/K co-transporter |
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Definition
| Thick ascending loop of henle |
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Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Site of isotonic fluid resorption |
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Definition
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Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Site responsible for diluting urine |
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Definition
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Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Only site where glucose and AA are reabsorbed |
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Definition
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Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Water reabsorption in the loop on Henle |
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Definition
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Term
| What determines how much water is reabsorbed in the collecting duct? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two types of cells compose the collecting duct and last segment of the distal convoluted tubule? |
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Definition
Principle cells: secrete K; reabsorb water and Na
Intercalated cells: reabsorb K; secrete HCO3 |
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Term
| What are the two types of intercalated cells? |
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Definition
Alpha (hydrogen secreting)
beta (bicarb secreting) |
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Term
| What class of diuretic directly affects the principle cells |
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Definition
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Term
| What affect does aldosterone have on intercalated cells and principle cells of the collecting duct |
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Definition
Intercalated: stimulates acid secretion
Principle: increases Na reabsorption and K secretion |
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Term
| What drug antagonizes aldosterones action on the principle cells of the collecting duct, thereby increasing Na excretion and decreasing K excretion |
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Definition
| Aldosterone antagonists: spironolactone, eplerenone |
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Term
| A patient with recent kidney transplant on cyclosporin for immunosuppression requires an antifungal agent for Candidiasis. What drug would result in cyclosporin toxicity? |
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Definition
| Ketoconazole (inhibit cytochrome p450) |
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Term
| A pt presents with renal insufficiency. What alterations need to be made in his doses of digoxin and digitoxin? |
|
Definition
Digoxin: decrease
Digitoxin: no change (not renally excreted) |
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Term
| What effect will a renal stone that obstructs the ureter have on GRF and RBF? |
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Definition
| Decrease GFR, no change in RBF, decrease in FF |
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Term
| What is the maximal serum glucose concentration that can be absorbed in the tubules? |
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Definition
Glucosuria begins at plasma glucose of 160-200mg/dL
All transporters are fully saturated at 350 |
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Term
| What change in a basic metabolic panel will you see in a person with status asthmaticus? |
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Definition
| Beta agonists cause hypokalemia |
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Term
|
Definition
Methanol
Uremia
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Paraldehyde
Iron tablets or isoniazid
Lactic acid
Ethanol
Salicylates |
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Term
| A pt taking lisinopril complains of new onset, constant coughing. What medication class should this patient be switched to? |
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Definition
| Switch from an ACE inhibitor to an ARB (Angiotensin II receptor blocker, -sartans) |
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Term
| A pt with heart failure exacerbation needs medical diuresis but has a sulfa allergy. What diuretic can be used? |
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Definition
| Ethacrynic acid (non-sulfa loop diuretic) |
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Term
| A pt presents with hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and low plasma renin. What is the dx and how do you treat it? |
|
Definition
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
Tx with spironolactone |
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Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Triamterene |
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Definition
|
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Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Acetazolamide |
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Definition
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (proximal convoluted tubule) |
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Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Hydrochlorothiazide |
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Definition
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Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Bumetanide |
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Definition
|
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Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Spironolactone |
|
Definition
| K sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonists |
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Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Chlorothiazide |
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Definition
|
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Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Ethacrynic acid |
|
Definition
| loop diuretic (non-sulfa) |
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Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Mannitol |
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Definition
|
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Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Metolazone |
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Definition
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Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Chorthalidone |
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Definition
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Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Furosemide |
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Definition
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Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Amiloride |
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Definition
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Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Torsemide |
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Definition
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Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Acute pulmonary edema |
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Definition
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Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Idiopathic hypercalciuria (calcium stones) |
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Definition
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Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Glaucoma |
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Definition
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Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Mild to moderate CHF with expanded ECV |
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Definition
| Loop diuretic, or thiazide |
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Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
In conjunction with loop or thiazide to retain K |
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Definition
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Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Edema a/w nephrotic syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Increased intracranial pressure |
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Definition
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Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Mild to moderate HTN |
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Definition
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Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Hypercalcemia |
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Definition
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Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Altitude sickness |
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Definition
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Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Hyperaldosteronism |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the equation for renal clearance? |
|
Definition
CL = (UV)/P
U= urine concentration of X
V= urine flow rate
P= plasma conc of X |
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Term
| A 49 year old patient weighs 100 kg. What is her estimated plasma volume? |
|
Definition
20%= ECF
1/4 ECF = plasma volume
5L |
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Term
| What factors/ substances cause hyperkalemia |
|
Definition
Acidosis
K sparing diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Insulin deficiency
beta antagonists |
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|
Term
| What is the site of action of mannitol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of action of thiazides |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the actions of angiotensin II? |
|
Definition
Direct vasoconstricting effect
Raises aldosterone levels
Decreases renal blood flow, but increases GFR |
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Term
What glomerular disease:
Most common nephrotic syndrome in children? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
What glomerular disease:
IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition
LM: diffuse capillary thickening |
|
Definition
| Membranous glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease:
IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition
LM: Hypercellular glomeruli |
|
Definition
| Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis |
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|
Term
What glomerular disease:
IF: linear pattern of immune complex deposition |
|
Definition
| Goodpasture's syndrome (antiGBM antibodies) |
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Term
What glomerular disease:
IF: deposition of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 in mesangium |
|
Definition
| Berger's disease (IgA nephrobathy) |
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Term
What glomerular disease:
Kimmel-stiel-Wilson lesions |
|
Definition
| Diabetic glomerulonephropathy |
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|
Term
What glomerular disease:
Most common nephrotic syndrome in adults |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease:
EM: loss of epithelial foot processes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease:
Nephrotic syndrome a/w Hep B |
|
Definition
| Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Type I |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease:
Nephrotic syndrome a/w HIV |
|
Definition
| Focal segmental glomerulonephritis |
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|
Term
What glomerular disease:
Anti GBM antibodies, hematuria, hemoptysis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease:
EM: subendothelial humps and tram-track appearance |
|
Definition
| Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
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|
Term
What glomerular disease:
Nephritis, deafness, cataracts |
|
Definition
| Alport's syndrome (type IV collagen defect) |
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|
Term
What glomerular disease:
LM: crescent formation on glomeruli |
|
Definition
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
(Goodpasture's, Wegener's, Microscopic polyangitis) |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease:
LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis |
|
Definition
| Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
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|
Term
What glomerular disease:
Purpura on backs of arms and legs, ab pain, IgA nephropathy |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease:
LM: wire-loop appearance |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease:
Apple green birefringence and congo red stain under polarized light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease:
EM: spiking of the GBM due to electron dense subepithelial deposits |
|
Definition
| Membranous glomerulonephitis |
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