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DIT Quizzes Day 12
Neuro
98
Other
Professional
05/25/2013

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Term
What portion of the brain is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery?
Definition
Medial surface: premotor/sensory of legs and feet
Term
What portion of the brain is supplied by the middle cerebral artery?
Definition
Lateral surface: Broca's and Wernicke's area; Motor sensory of face and arms
Term
What group of genes is responsible for skeletal development
Definition
HOX genes
Term
What is the classical clinical presentation of a thyroglossal duct cyst?
Definition
moves with swallowing, midline neck
Often found in pt under 30 yrs
Term
Which hepatic phase of metabolism is first lost by geriatric patients?
Definition
Phase I
Term
What hepatic phase of metabolism is mediated by cytochrome p450?
Definition
Phase I
Term
What are the 4 obligate aerobic bacteria?
Definition
Pseudomonas
Mycobacterium TB
Nocardia
Bacillus spp
Term
Which type of vasculitis fits the following description:
Necrotizing granulomas of the lung and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Definition
Wegener's granulomatosis
Term
Which type of vasculitis fits the following description:
Necrotizing immune complex inflammation of visceral/renal vessels
Definition
Polyarteritis nodosum
Term
Which type of vasculitis fits the following description:
Young asian women
Definition
Takayasu
Term
Which type of vasculitis fits the following description:
Young asthmatics
Definition
Churgg-Strauss syndrome
Term
Which type of vasculitis fits the following description:
Infants and young children, involves coronary arteries
Definition
Kawasaki's disease
Term
Which type of vasculitis fits the following description:
Most common vasculitis
Definition
Giant cell arteritis
Term
Which type of vasculitis fits the following description:
A/w hep B infection
Definition
Polyarteritis nodosa
Term
What can prevent neurotoxicity in isoniazid?
Definition
B6
Term
What is the treatment for TCA cardiotoxicity?
Definition
Alkalynize the urine (Soidum bicarb)
Term
What is the treatment for theophylline cardiotox?
Definition
Beta blockers
Term
What is the difference between malingering and facticious disorder?
Definition
Malingering is faking for some kind of benefit (workers comp, etc)
Facticious disorder doesn't know why they are faking
Term
Which artery is damaged with the following presentation:
Aneurysm causing the eye to look down and out
Definition
Posterior communicating artery
Term
Which artery is damaged with the following presentation:
Aneurysm may cause bilateral loss of lateral visual fields
Definition
Anterior communicating artery
Term
Which artery is damaged with the following presentation:
Broca or Wernicke's aphagia
Definition
Middle cerebral artery
Term
Which artery is damaged with the following presentation:
Unilateral lower extremity sensory and/or motor loss
Definition
Anterior cerebral artery
Term
Which artery is damaged with the following presentation:
Unilateral facial and arm sensory and/or motor loss
Definition
Middle cerebral artery
Term
Which spinal tract conveys the following info:
Touch, vibration, pressure sensation
Definition
Dorsal columns
Term
Which spinal tract conveys the following info:
Voluntary motor command from motor cortex to body
Definition
lateral and ventral Corticospinal
Term
Which spinal tract conveys the following info:
Voluntary motor command from motor cortex to head/neck
Definition
Corticobulbar
Term
Which spinal tract conveys the following info:
Alternate routes for the mediation of voluntary movement
Definition
Reticulospinal and rubrospinal
Term
Which spinal tract conveys the following info:
Pain and temperature sensation
Definition
Lateral Spinothalamic
Term
Which spinal tract conveys the following info:
Important for postural adjustments and head movements
Definition
vestibulospinal tract
Term
Which spinal tract conveys the following info:
Proprioceptive info from the cerebellum
Definition
Dorsal and ventral Spinocerebellar tract
Term
What are the findings of Brown-Sequard syndrome?
Definition
1. Ipsilateral UMN signs below lesion
2. Ipsilateral loss of tactile, vibration, proprioception sense below lesion
3. Contralateral pain and temperature loss below lesion
4. Ipsilateral loss of sensation at level of lesion
5. LMN signs at level of lesion
Term
What is the most common site of a berry aneurysm?
Definition
Circle of Willis (anterior communicating artery)
Term
Where does the dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract dessucate?
Definition
Medulla (2nd order neuron)
Term
Where does the lateral corticospinal tract dessucate?
Definition
Caudal medulla (2nd order neuron)
Term
Where does the spinothalamic tract dessucate?
Definition
Anterior white commissure (1st order neuron)
Term
What is the classic presentation of syringomyelia
Definition
Bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation (usually C8-T1)
Term
What are the cardinal features of Parkinson's disease
Definition
Shuffling gait, resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, akinesia
Term
What are the classic signs of UMN lesion?
Definition
Hyperreflexia, Babinski sign, weakness, spastic paralysis
Term
What are the signs of LMN lesion?
Definition
Hyporeflexia, atrophy, flaccid paralysis
Term
A man in his 40s begins to develop dementia and uncontrollable movements in his upper extremities. In what portion of the brain do you expect to see atrophy?
Definition
Huntington's disease--> cuadate
Term
A male presents with involuntary flailing of one arm. What is the lesion?
Definition
Subthalamic nucleus (contralateral)
Term
A 28 year old chemist presents with MPTP exposure. What neurotransmitter is depleted?
Definition
Dopamine
Term
A person cannot abduct her left eye on lateral gaze and convergence is normal. She is also having difficulty smiling. In was part of the CNS is the lesion?
Definition
Abducens and facial nerves; Pontine lesion
Term
A lesion of what artery can cause "locked in" syndrome?
Definition
Basilar artery
Term
A 25 year old woman is involved in a motor vehicle accident. She initially feels fine but minutes later she loses consciousness. CT reveals a hemorrhage that does not cross the suture lines. What bone and vessel were likely injured in the crash?
Definition
Temporal bone; Middle meningeal artery
(epidural bleed)
Term
A 40 year old man with Marfan's syndrome and HTN presents with a severe headache. A head CT is normal at presentation and examination of the CSF reveals numerous RBCs. What is the cause of this man's headache?
Definition
Berry aneurysm rupture (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
Term
An 85 year old man with Alzheimer's falls at home and presents 3 days later with severe headache and vomiting. What is the most likely dx and what structures were damaged
Definition
Subdural hematomal from ruptured bridging veins
Term
If the right vagus nerve or nuclei is damaged, to which side will the uvula deviate
Definition
To the left (opposite side of the lesion)
Term
If a portion of the right motor cortex that innervates the soft palate is damaged, to which side will the uvula deviate?
Definition
Since the soft palate fibers from the right motor cortex cross over to the left nucleus ambiguus, the uvula will deviate to the right (same side of the lesion)
Term
Which cranial nerves have their nuclei located in the medulla?
Definition
CN IX, CN X, CN XI, CNXII
Term
Which cranial nerves have their nuclei in the pons?
Definition
CN V, VI, VII, VIII
Term
Which cranial nerves have their nuclei in the midbrain?
Definition
CN III, CN IV
Term
Which cranial nerve is responsible for eyelid opening?
Definition
CN III
Term
Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
Definition
CN VII (Facial nerve)
Term
Which cranial nerve is responsible for Head turning
Definition
CN XI (Spinal accessory n)
Term
Which cranial nerve is responsible for tongue movement?
Definition
CNXII
Term
Which cranial nerve is responsible for muscles of mastication?
Definition
CN V
Term
Which cranial nerve is responsible for balance
Definition
CN VIII
Term
Which cranial nerve is responsible for monitoring carotid body and sinus chemoreceptors?
Definition
CN IX
Term
What info is communicated at the nucleus soltarius?
Definition
Sensory information
Term
What info is communicated at the nucleus ambiguus?
Definition
Motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus
Term
What info is communicated at the dorsal motor nucleus?
Definition
Autonomic info from heart, lungs and upper GI
Term
A woman involved in a motor vehicle accident cannot turn her head left and has right shoulder droop. What structure is damaged?
Definition
Right spinal accessory nerve
Term
A 19 year old presents with a furuncle on his philtrum. His cavernous sinus has become infected. What neurological deficits might you see?
Definition
Extraoccular movement: CN III, IV, VI
Hypo/hyperasthenia: CN V
Term
A patient has leftward deviation of the tongue on protrusion and has right sided spastic paralysis. Where is the lesion?
Definition
Left medulla
Term
A patient cannot blink his right eye nor seal his lips. Dx? What nerve is affected?
Definition
Facial nerve; Bell's palsy
Term
What are the muscles of mastication?
Definition
Temporalis, Masseter, Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid helps opening
Term
What are the endogenous agonists to the different opioid receptors?
Definition
Mu-morphine
Delta-enkephalin
Kappa-dynorphin
Term
Which medication fits the following description:
Opioid cough suppressant commonly used with the expectorant guaifenesin
Definition
Dextromethorphan
Term
Which medication fits the following description:
Opioid used in the treatment of diarrhea
Definition
loperamide, diphenoxylate
Term
Which medication fits the following description:
Opioid commonly used in the treatment of acute heart failure
Definition
Morphine
Term
Which medication fits the following description:
Opioid receptor antagonist
Definition
naloxone, naltrexone
Term
Which medication fits the following description:
Non-addictive weak opioid agonist
Definition
Tramadol
Term
Which medication fits the following description:
Partial opioid agonist that causes less respiratory depression
Definition
Butorphanol
Term
What 5 classes of drugs are used in the treatment of glaucoma
Definition
alpha agonists
beta blockers
cholinomimetics
prostaglandins
diuretics
Term
What drugs are known for causing Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
Definition
Seizure drugs, Sulfonamides, -cillins, allopurinal
Term
How is barbiturate overdose managed?
Definition
symptomatically
Term
How is benzodiazepine overdose managed
Definition
flumazenil
Term
Which anesthetic fits the following:
IV, a/w hallucinations and bad dreams
Definition
ketamine
Term
Which anesthetic fits the following:
Inhaled, SE= nephrotoxicity
Definition
methoxyflurane
Term
Which anesthetic fits the following:
IV, most common drug used for endoscopy
Definition
Benzodiazepines
Medazolam + opioid
Term
Which anesthetic fits the following:
Inhaled, SE= convulsions, seizures
Definition
enflurane
Term
Which anesthetic fits the following:
Inhaled, SE= hepatotoxic
Definition
Halothane
Term
Which anesthetic fits the following:
IV, used for rapid anesthesia induction in short procedures
Definition
Propofol
Term
Which anesthetic fits the following:
Inhaled, used for rapid anesthesia
Definition
Nitric oxide
Term
Which anesthetic fits the following:
IV, decreases cerebral blood flow (important for brain surgery)
Definition
Thiopental (Barbiturate)
Term
Which anesthetic fits the following:
IV, does not induce histamine release like morphine
Definition
fentanyl
Term
Which anesthetic fits the following:
High triglyceride content increases risk of pancreatitis with long term use
Definition
propofol
Term
What drugs are used to treat parkinson's disease?
Definition
Levodopa, carbidopa, bromocriptine, amantadine, selegiline, antimuscarinics
Term
What side effect is common to most all of the anti-epileptics?
Definition
Diplopia, sedation, ataxia, dizziness
Term
What are the toxic side effects of phenytoin?
Definition
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Gingival hyperplasia, Drug-induced lupus, Hirsutism, fetal hydantoin syndrome
Term
What is the MOA of dantrolene
Definition
Inhibits Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle
Term
What is the MOA of local anesthetics?
Definition
Block Na channels by binding to specific receptors on the inner portion of the channel
Term
Which nerve fibers are blocked first with local anesthetics?
Definition
Pain fibers:
Small myelinated > small unmyelinated > large myelinated > large unmyelinated
Term
What drugs can be used to reverse neuromuscular blockade?
Definition
Neostigmine, edrophonium, and other cholinesterase inhibitors
Term
What is the MOA of drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease?
Definition
Increase ACh:
Memantine = NMDA receptor antagonist

Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine = Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Term
What is the MOA of sumatriptan?
Definition
5HT(1B/1D) agonist that causes vasoconstriction, inhibition of trigeminal activation and vasoactive peptide release
Treats acute migraine and cluster headaches
Term
For what populations is sumatriptan contraindicated?
Definition
CAD or Prinzmetal's angina because it can cause coronary vasospasm
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