Term
What nerves run with each of the follow arteries?
Lateral thoracic artery
Posterior circumflex artery
Deep brachial artery
Brachial artery
Posterior interosseous artery |
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Definition
Lateral thoracic artery- long thoracic nerve
Posterior circumflex artery- axillary nerve
Deep brachial artery- radial nerve
Brachial artery- median nerve
Posterior interosseous artery- deep branch of the radial nerve |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of a lesion to the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus? |
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Definition
Klumpke's palsy
Atrophy of thenar and hypothenar eminences
Atrophy of interosseous muscles
Sensory deficits on the medial side of the forearm and hand
Disappearance of the radial pulse upon moving the head toward the ipsilateral side |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of a lesion to the superior trunk of the brachial plexus? |
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Definition
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Limb hangs by side (paralysis of abductors
Medially rotated (paralysis of lateral rotators)
forearm is pronated (loss of biceps) |
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Claw hand |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Ape hand |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Wrist drop |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Scapular winging |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Unable to wipe bottom |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Loss of forearm pronation |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Cannot abduct or adduct fingers |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Loss of shoulder abduction |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Weak external rotation of the arm |
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Definition
| Upper trunk (C5-6), suprascapular nerve |
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Loss of elbox flexion and forearm supination |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Loss of wrist extension |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Trouble initiating shoulder abduction |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Unable to abduct arm beyond 10 degrees |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is damaged when a patient presents with: Unable to raise arm above horizontal |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is most at risk of injury with a fracture of: the shaft of the humerus |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is most at risk of injury with a fracture of: the surgical neck of the humerus |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is most at risk of injury with a fracture of: the supracondylar humerus |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is most at risk of injury with a fracture of: the medial epicondyle |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is most at risk of injury with a anterior shoulder dislocation |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is most at risk of injury of the carpal tunnel |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient presents with decreased pain and temperature sensation over the lateral aspects of both arms. Where is the lesion? |
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Definition
| Sphingomyelia (in the cervical spinal cord) |
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Term
Which primary brain tumor has:
Pseudopalisading necrosis |
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Definition
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Term
Which primary brain tumor has:
Polycythemia |
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Definition
Hemangioblastoma
(Other tumors associated with EPO are RCC, HCC, and pheochromocytoma) |
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Term
Which primary brain tumor has:
Neurofibromatosis II |
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Definition
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Term
Which primary brain tumor has:
Associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome |
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Definition
Hemangioblastoma
VHL also associated with bilateral RCC, cavernous hemangiomas in skin, mucosa, organs, pheochromocytomas, AD, mutated tumor suppressor on Ch3 |
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Term
Which primary brain tumor has:
Foamy cells, high vascularity |
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Definition
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Term
Which brain tumor has:
Hyperprolactinemia (galacctorrea, amenorrhea, anovulation |
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Definition
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Term
Which primary brain tumor has:
Psammoma bodies |
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Definition
Meningioma
Psammoma bodies also associated with serous cystadenocarcinoma and papillary thyroid cancer |
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Term
Which primary brain tumor has:
Fried egg appearance |
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Definition
Oligodendroglioma
Fried egg appearance cells also in seminomatous testiular cancer and HPV infected cervical cells (koilocytes) |
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Term
Which primary brain tumor has:
Perivascular pseudorosettes |
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Definition
Ependymoma
Radial arrangement of tumor cells around a vessel |
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Term
Which primary brain tumor has:
Bitemporal hemianopia |
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Definition
| Craniopharyngioma (or pituitary adenoma) |
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Term
Which primary brain tumor has:
Worst prognosis of any primary brain tumor |
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Definition
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Term
Which primary brain tumor has:
Child with hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| Medulloblastoma or Ependymoma |
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Term
Which primary brain tumor has:
Homer Wright pseudorosettes |
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Definition
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Term
Which anesthetic fits the following description:
IV, associated with hallucinations and bad dreams |
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Definition
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Term
Which anesthetic fits the following description:
IV, most common drug used for conscious sedation |
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Definition
| Midazolam (benzodiazepine), fentanyl (opioid) |
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Term
Which anesthetic fits the following description:
Inhaled, side effect of hepatotoxicity |
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Definition
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Term
Which anesthetic fits the following description:
IV, used for rapid anesthesia induction and short duration of action |
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Definition
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Term
Which anesthetic fits the following description:
IV, decreased cerebral blood flow (important for brain surgery) |
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Definition
Thiopental (barbituate)
NB: Effect terminated by rapid redistribution into tissue (muscle and fat) |
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Term
Which anesthetic fits the following description:
Opioid that does not induce histamine release |
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Definition
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Term
Which anesthetic fits the following description:
High triglyceride content increases risk of pancreatitis with long term use |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mechanism of dantrolene? |
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Definition
Prevents release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmia reticulum.
Used to reverse malignant hyperthermia syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
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Term
| Drug of choice for partial (simple and complex) and tonic-clonic seizures |
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Definition
| Phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid |
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Term
| 3 more drugs useful in partial and tonic clonic seizures (not phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid) |
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Definition
| Lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin |
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Term
| Drug of choice for absence seizures |
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Definition
| Ethosuxomide (and valproic acid) |
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Term
| Drug to treat status epilepticus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Common side effects of epilepsy drugs |
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Definition
| Sedation, diplopia, ataxia, nystagmus |
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Term
| Additional side effects of phenytoin |
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Definition
Gingival hyperplasia
Hirsutism
Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome
SJS
Induces P450
Drug-induced Lupus |
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Term
| Which anti-epileptics are teratogens? |
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Definition
| Phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid |
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Term
| What drugs cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome? |
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Definition
| Anti-seizure (Lamotrigine, Ethosuxomide, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital), Sulfonamides, Penicllins, Allopurinol |
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Term
| What drugs are known to cause agranulocytosis? |
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Definition
Clozapine, Carbamazepine, Colchicine, PTU, Methimazole, Dapson
Agranulocytosis Could Certain Cause Pretty Major Damage |
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Term
| Hepatotoxic anti-epileptics |
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Definition
| Valproic acid, Carbamazepine |
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Term
| Which anti-epileptics block Na+ channels? |
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Definition
| Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Lamotrigine, Topiramate, Valproic Acid |
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Term
| Which anti-epileptics work by potentiating the inhibitory effects of GABA? |
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Definition
| Valproic acid, Phenytoin, Benzodiazepines, Gabapentin, Topiramate, Tiagabine, Vigabatrin, Levetiracetam |
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Term
| Which anti-epileptics block Ca2+ channels? |
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Definition
| Ethosuxomide (thalamic T-type channels) and Gabapentin (high-voltage activated Ca2+ channels) |
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