Term
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Definition
| the fair or equitable division of goods in a community. |
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Term
| three key questions to ask about distributive justice. |
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Definition
| what is to be distributed, how is it to be distributed, why is it to be distributed that way? |
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Term
| what is to be distributed |
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Definition
1. economic goods
2. political goods
3. other goods-i.e. position, recognition |
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Term
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Definition
inputs: land, labor, capital, (physical, human, and financial): factor income
outputs: products and services. |
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Term
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Definition
rights: to free speech and association etc.
powers: to vote, public office,etc. |
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Term
| how is it to be distributed? |
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Definition
1. outcome: focus on shape of distribution
a. equal distribution (of income, right, etc.)
b. distribution maximizing the minimum (pie)
c. distribution according to merit or desert |
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Term
| how is it to be distributed? |
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Definition
process: focus on rules that directly or indirectly determine shape of distribution.
a. lotteries -> prizes
b. competitions -> victories
c. property, contract, and tort law -> incomes. |
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Term
| why distributed this way? |
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Definition
kantian: it promotes individual autonomy
libertarian: it protects (negative) freedom.
marxist: it makes self realization possible.
utilitarian: it maximizes (human) welfare. |
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Term
| priority of justice for rawls |
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Definition
| first virtue of social institutions |
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Term
| conception of society for rawls |
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Definition
1. "cooperative venture for mutual advanatge"
2. humean circumstances of justice
3. justice regulates cooperation for good of all |
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Term
| conception of the person for rawls |
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Definition
1. rationality: capacity for the conception of good
2. reasonableness: capacity for a sense of justice. |
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Term
| basic structure of society |
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Definition
a. "political constitution and principal economic and social arrangements"
b. excludes: civil and international society
c. criticisms: okin(feminist), cohen(marxists) |
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Term
| strict compliance assumed |
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Definition
a. ideal v. non-ideal theory- also historical contingencies, natural limitations.
b. except- conscientious refusal and civil disobedience. |
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Term
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Definition
1. social contract hypothetical not historical
2. object not particular form of government but rather a set of political principals.
3. method: original position (DP)
a. agent(rational maximizer; not citizen)
b. information (veil of ignorance:hide/show?)
4. outcome: two principles of justice
5. application: four stage sequence |
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Term
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Definition
1. justify principals of assumptions
a. conception of person and society
b. OP structure that reflects these conceptions in its conditions generate principals
2. justify principals by conclusions
a. compare principals to our considered convictions of justice
b. match or conflict affects confidence in them.
3. combo: 1 and 2 reflective equilibrium. |
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Term
| reflective equilibrium part 1 |
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Definition
| 1. back and forth process (that is hopefully convergent) b/wn conceptions/conditions and principals/convictions (see diagram) |
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Term
| reflective equilibrium part 2 |
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Definition
can be narrow or wide(latter preferred)
a. narrow: local equilibrium; more conservative with respect to assumptions, etc,.; mainly a guarantor of internal consistency
b. wide: global equilibrium; more radical; looks at different systems (analogy hiking in fog) |
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Term
| rawsl two principals of justice (first one) |
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Definition
| each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive scheme of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar scheme of liberties for others |
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Term
| rawls two principals of justice (second one) |
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Definition
social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both
(a) reasonably expected to be to everyone’s advantage, and
(b) attached to positions and offices open to all |
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Term
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Definition
Basic liberties given by a list (p. 53)
Political liberty (right to vote & hold office)
Freedom of speech & assembly
Liberty of conscience & freedom of thought
Freedom of person (psych. & phys. integrity)
Right to hold personal property
Freedom from arbitrary arrest & seizure
Familiar from various bills of rights
Some liberties not basic (contract; FEO |
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Term
| Second (2) Principle rawls |
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Definition
Ambiguity of terms (more on this shortly)
Social (vs. Natural) Primary Goods (§15)
Rights and liberties [Principle 1]
Office and position [Principle 2.b; see p. 53]
Income and wealth [Principle 2.a; see p. 53]
Self-respect [mainly Principle 1; see §82]
Representative Persons (§16): Principle 2.a refers not to individuals but to average persons in socioeconomic groups (e.g., unskilled labor); important wrt DP interpretation of Principle 2.a |
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Term
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Definition
Lexical Priority: hierarchy of principles (diagram)
Principle 1 (equal-liberty principle→basic liberties)
Principle 2.b (“open to all” principle→positions)
Principle 2.a (“everyone’s advantage” principle→$) |
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Term
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Definition
| Higher principles and their associated goods cannot be sacrificed for the lower ones (e.g., political liberty and economic growth [p. 55]) |
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Term
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Definition
| Special Conception (w/priority rules) versus General Conception (w/out) of justice (p. 54): latter like highly generalized DP; invertebrate |
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Term
| Interpreting the Second Principle |
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Definition
Phrases “open to all” and “everyone’s advantage” are ambiguous.
Each has two natural interpretations, with the second being Rawls’s preferred interpretation:
“open to all”
Careers open to talents (formal equality of opportunity)
Fair equality of opportunity (or FEO)
“everyone’s advantage”
Principle of Efficiency (Pareto optimality)
Difference Principle (or DP) |
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Term
| how does rawls justify the equal participation of citizens in politics? |
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Definition
| constitutive, broadly, and narrowly |
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