Term
| Where is most fluid found? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Even distibution... moves from side that has fwer non-diffusible partivles to the side that has more.... It wants to dilute the side it is moving to |
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Term
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Definition
- Isotonic- happy cell
- Hypotonic solution- few particles on outside more h20 in circle= cell takes on water given for dehydration.
- Hypertonic solution- more particles on outside pulls h20 out of cells, cell shrink
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Term
| What is hydrostatic pressure |
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Definition
| Pressure that fluids excerts on cell wall |
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Term
| What is Colloid Osmotic Pressure? |
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Definition
| particles pull fluid to try and dilute selfs evenly |
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Term
| What is Lymph Drainage all about? |
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Definition
| excess fluid & particles are pulled away by lymph. Allow cells and tissues to be more even. |
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Term
| What maintains H20 Balance, and what are 2 things it looks at? |
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Definition
| Hypothalmus- Serum osmolality, Blood volume |
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Term
How does Hypothalmus work?
(SERUM OSMOLARITY) |
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Definition
- Tells Thirsty- makes ur drink
- Secrete ADH- holds water-stops peeing
- This increases Extracellular water volume
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Term
H20 balance depends on what 2 things?
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Definition
- Blood volume
- quality/ tonicity of blood
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Term
1.What happens when you have high Osmolity (increased particles?)
2. LOW Osmolatity |
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Definition
1. High
2. Low
- Lack thirst
- Decrease ADH relase
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Term
Diabetes insipus- water down weak urine
Can be 2 ways? Caused by brain
-THIS PERSON HAS- excessive urine, Hypertonic dehyration(NA) What will this person look like? |
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Definition
- Nurogenic- decreased ADH
- Nephrogenic Decreased renal responce to ADH
- ADH- LOW
- URINE O- High
- B/V- Low
- B/P- Low
- NA- High
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Term
SIADH- what causes
THIS PERSON HAS- decreased urine output, dilutional hyponatremia, what will this person look like? |
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Definition
Faliure of hypothalmus d/t transient....Excessive ADH secretion.
- URINE- low
- B/V- High
- B/P High
- NA- LOW
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Term
| Substances that dissociate in solutions to form charged particles or ions... These are essential in metabolic process |
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Definition
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Term
Why does "retaining sodium" cause high blood pressure?
IT IS MAJOR ELECTROLYTE |
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Definition
| It pulls water from the intertial space in to the vascular space to try and water it down. |
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Term
You have a patient: Confused & hypernatremic
1. The doctor says that he is confused d/t the size of his brain cells. Why would this happen?
2. A medical student suggest giving him a hypotonic iv, why? no answer.
3. The docotor said that might worsen the change in his brain cell size, and that his blood osmolarity should be corrected slowly... why? |
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Definition
1. Shrunk.. d/t sodium in blood blood pulled the water out of his brain cells.
3. If this patient was given a hypotonic soulition it would blow the brain cells back up to fast, this needs to be done slowly. |
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Term
Neurons responced to hypertoncity... How does the body compinsate on own?
- What happens if cells turn back to isotonic state to fast?
- What kind of solution would we use to fix fluid problems?
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Definition
- Increase blood osmolarity cause cells to shink- they lose water to vasular space
- Nerve cells produce intracellular osmoles to keep their osmolaity balanced with the blood.
- If to fast nerve cells will turn hypertonic and will cause brain cells to swell = cerebralle edema.
- Need 1/2 normal saline and run= SLOW
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Term
| What is the Role of Potassium? |
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Definition
- Control cell resting potential
- Needed for NA/K pumo
- Exchange for H to buffer changes in blood ph
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Term
In Blood how does K+ Control resting potential- HYPERKALEMIA?
What organ are we going to worry about and why? |
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Definition
- Hyperkalemia raises resting potential toward threshold- cell fires easier.
- It increases ability for an action potential to occure.
- Heart= Tachyrythmia
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Term
In blood how does K+control restin potential- HYPOKALEMIA?
What organ do we worry about and why? |
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Definition
- Low potassium in blood = low in tissue, It pulls resting potential away from threshold and makes it hard to fire.
- Heart= Bradydisrythmias.
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Term
What will happen to Blood k+ levels when the client has
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Loop Diuretics
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Definition
- K+ will decrease
- Decrease
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Term
| Potassium acts as a buffer how does is control Alkalosis & Acidosis? |
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Definition
- Alkalosis- not enough H+ in blood- cells release H+ to fix imbalance and take up K+ ions in exchange- Blood k+ will decrease = hypokalemia
- Acidosis- Too many H+ ions in blood, cells keep H+ ions inside to fix imbalance and release K+ in exchange- Blood K+ increaeases= Hyperkalemia
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Term
-Calcium- What does it do?
What does extracellular do?
What does intracellular do?
IT ALSO DOES CLOTTING |
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Definition
1. Block na+ gates in nerve & muscle cells to control excessive firing(tetany)
2. Needed for all muscle contractions (Cardiac, Skeletal) |
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Term
| What increases serum Ca+ and what decreases? |
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Definition
Parathyroid Hormone- Increases
Calcitonin- Decreases |
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Term
Extracellular Ca+ controls nerve firing how?
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypocalcemia
Which causes Chyvostek sign? |
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Definition
- Hypercalcemia- Blocks Na+ gates nerves less able to fire
- Hypocalcemia- Blocks fewer na+ gates, nerves fire more easy.
- HYPOCALEMIA
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Term
What is the role of magnesium?
What serious problem can it cause? |
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Definition
- Cofactor in enzyme reaction
- Regulates CA+ leveles by binding to receptors
- Interdependant with K+
***Cause life threatening heart arrythmias |
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