The branch of medical science that studies and treats the skin and its disorders and diseases

A dermatologist is a physician who treats these disorders and diseases

Any mark, symptom or abnormality is described as a lesion. 

Primary, Secondary & Tertiary

A sebaceous oil gland disorder. 

A chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands characterized by comedones and blemishes (also known as acne simplex or acne vulgaris). 

A non-inflamed buildup of cells, sebum and other debris inside follicles.

An open comedo is a blackhead, when the follicle is filled with an excess of oil.

Also called whiteheads; whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin with no visible opening.  Hardened and closed over, milia are more common in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma.

They are usually found around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead.  Could be an indication of high cholesterol

Benign lesions frequently seen in oilier areas of the face.  These overgrowths of the sebaceous gland appear similiar to open comedones. 

They are often doughnut shaped.  They cannot be removed by extraction...only surgically

A skin condition caused by inflammation of the sebaceous glands.  It is often characterized by inflammation, dry or oily scaling or crusting and/or itchiness.

The red flaky skin often appears in the eyebrows, in the scalp and hairline, middle of the forehead, or along the sides of nose.

A sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum and raning in size from a pea to an orange. 

It usually appears on the scalp, neck, and back....also called a WEN

A disorder of the sudoriferous (sweat) glands.

 A deficiency in perspiration due to failure of the sweat glands.  This requires medical treatment.

An inflammation of the skin.  It is a rash (atopic is excess inflammation from allergies)

The redness, itching and dehydration of the dermatitis make the condition worse.

An inflammatory skin condition caused by contact with a substance or chemical. 

Makeup, skin care products, detergents, dyes can all cause this reaction and red itchy skin.  Poison Ivy is an example.

Wearing gloves or protective skin creams while working with chemicals can help prevent dermatitis venenata

A painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature with dry or moist lesions.

This should be referred to a physician

Is a common form of eczema which mainly affects oily areas.

Avoid contact and skin care treatments if client has.

Hair that grows under the surface instead of growing up and of the follicle which causes a bacterial infection.

Common in men from shaving.

A skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales.

Usually found in patches on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest and lower back.  If irritated patches can bleed. 

It is NOT contagious but can spread by irritation

An inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, dilation of blood vessels and in severe cases formation of papules and pustules.

Found mostly on the cheeks and nose.

Spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine and exposure to extreme temps can trigger

A vascular lesion.  Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger

Commonly called Couperose Skin

Allergic reactions caused by repeated direct skin contact to an allergen

Poison Ivy is a common allergen.

Approx 75% of population are allergic to poison ivy...the remaining 25% will never have a reaction no matter how many times exposed.

The genetic background of a person influences pigmentation disorders.

Sun exposure is the biggest external cause of pigmentation disorders and can make existing pigmentation disorders worse.

Abnormal pigmentation.  This can be caused by various external and internal factors.

Drugs can also cause skin pigmentation abnormalities.

Overproduction of Pigment

Caused by sun exposure, acne, medication, and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation from skin damage can cause darkened pigmentation

Increased pigmentation

Liver Spots

Lentigo is one freckle.

Lentigenes are multiple freckles...small yellow-brown spots.

Lentigenes from sun exposure are actinic, or solar lentigenes.

Patches of freckles are referred to as large macules.

Brown or wine colored discoloration. 

A port wine stain is a birthmark, which is a vascular type of nevus.

The absence of melanin pigment in the body.  Including hair, skin, and eyes.

This person is at risk for cancer development, sensitive to light.

The technical term is Congenital Leukoderma

White spots or areas on the skin from a lack of pigment cells.  This condition can worsen with time and sunlight.

This is also a leukoderma

The opposite of hypertrophy

Means wasting away or thinning

An acquired, thickened patch of epidermis.

A callus caused by pressure or friction

Redness and bumpiness in the cheeks or upper arms.  Caused by blocked follicles.

Can be helped by exfoliation

Skin cancer tumors form when cells begin to divide unevenly and rapidly.

Each form is named for the type of cells that are affected.

Caused by damage to DNA

• Only 33% of the population use sunscreen
• 80% of lifetime sunexposure occurs before age 18
• The effects of photoaging can be seen as early as age 20 or before
• There is no safe way to tan

The most common and the lease severe type of carcinoma.  It often appears as light pearly nodules.  Sometimes blood vessels run through the nodules.

Basal cells do not spread as easily as squamous or melanoma cells.

They can be removed easily by surgery

More serious condition.  It is red or pink scaly papules or nodules.  Sometimes open sores or crusty aread that do not heal and bleed easily.

Squamous can spread to other areas of the body

The most serious form of skin Cander.  Black or dark patches on the skin uneven in texture, jagged or raised.  Can be tan or even white.

Not always found on areas exposed to sunlight.  Often found on feet, toes and legs.

More deadly as it spreads throughout the body to internal organs.

• Asymmetry
• Border
• Color
• Diameter
• Evolution

Fever Blisters or cold sores....recurring viral infection

a vesicle or group of vesicles on a red swollen base.  Usually appear on lips or nose

Genital Herpes

The virus can be spread to other areas of the person infected or to other people

Fungal Infections.  Fungi feed on proteins carbohydrates and lipids in the skin

Tinea pedis (athletes foot)

Also called pityriasis versicolor.  a fungal infection that stops melanin production.  Hypopigmentation or white patches.

Can be treated with dandruff shampoo like selsun blue

A skin disorder of the sebaceous glands.  Characterized by comedones and blemishes and is a hereditary trait.

Begins to flare up when a person reaches puberty.  However, adult acne is becoming more prevalent

• Genetics/Heredity
• Clogged Pores
• Bacteria
• Triggers from hormones, stress, cosmetics, skin care products and food

A hereditary factor in which dead skin cells do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin.  Excessive sebum production can overtax the sebaceous follicles and cause further cell buildup

Sebum mixed with celss in the follicle become comedos (plugs in the follicles)

P. Bacteria Proliferation

(propionibacterium)

When follicles are blocked with sebum and dead cell buildup, oxygen cannot reach the bottom of the follicle.

Sebum can irritate follicles and cause inflammation

Papules are red inflamed lesions caused by this process.  Pus can develop causing pustules that are filled with fluid

Nodules made up of deep pockets of infections.  Skin forms hardened tissue around the infection to stop spread of bacteria which can lead to both depressed and raised scars from damage to the dermal tissue.

Because its in the dermis this acne is called cystic acne.

• Hormonal Changes
• Stress
• Products
• Certain Foods
• Climate
• Sun
• Friction
• Medications

Knowns as Androgens...stimulate sebaceous glands.

Red and inflamed, many comedones, paules and pustules.

MUST SEE DR.

Cystic Acne, cysts with comedones, papules and pustules and inflammation are present.  Scar formation from tissue damage is common.

MUST SEE DR.