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Diseases of the Cardiovascular System And Lymphatic System
Test 4
80
Microbiology
Undergraduate 3
04/28/2013

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Term
What is endocarditis?
Definition
Inflammation of the endocardium. Usually refers to an infection of the valves of the heart.
Term
What are the symptoms of endocarditis?
Definition
abnormal heart beat, valve stenosis
Term
What is the causative agent of acute bacterial endocarditis?
Definition
Staph aureus, strep pneumo, strep pyrogenes, neisseria gonorrhoeae
Term
What is the causative agent of subacute bacterial endocarditis?
Definition
Strep sanguis, strep oralis, strep mutans, strep virdans, staph epi
Term
How are the causative agents of endocarditis transmitted?
Definition
Normal body flora that gain entrance to the blood stream through dental procedures, infections or other trauma
Term
What is septicemia?
Definition
Blood poisoning
Term
When does septicemia occur?
Definition
When organisms are actively multiplying in the blood. Caused by many bacteria and fungi.
Term
What do symptoms of septicemia result from?
Definition
Bacterial toxins or the body's own cytokine response.
Term
What is the prominent symptom of septicemia?
Definition
FEVER!!!!!!!! Very ill, altered mental state, shaking chills and GI symptoms. Respiratory alkalosis and low blood pressure.
Term
What does toxic shock syndrome infect?
Definition
The kidneys, blood and muscles, resulting in death in a matter of hours.
Term
What is the initial symptom of TSS?
Definition
High fever, dia, vomit, sore throat and muscle pain
Term
What is the causative agent of TSS?
Definition
Staph aureus or Staph pyrogenes
Term
Who does TSS effect mostly?
Definition
Post-pubescent women
Term
What is the causative agent of the plague?
Definition
Yersinia pestis
Term
What are the virulence factors of Yersinia Pestis?
Definition
1.) Pla - protease destroys C3b and C5a
2.)Yops - proteins that interfere with phagocytosis
3.)PsaA - an adhesin that plays a role in attachment
Term
How is the bubonic plague transmitted to humans from rats?
Definition
Fleas. Enters the lymph and is filtered by node which becomes inflammed causing the creating of a bubo in the groin or axilla.
Term
Is the bubonic plague also transmitted person-person?
Definition
Yes. Pneumonic Plague. Results in severe lung infection that causes sepsis.
Term
What is the mortality rate of untreated bubonic plague?
Definition
50-80%
Term
What is the mortality rate of untreated pneumonic plague?
Definition
100%
Term
What is tularemia?
Definition
Rabbit fever.
Term
What is the causative agent of Tularemia?
Definition
Francisella Tularensis
Term
How is tularemia transmitted to human's from rabbits?
Definition
Exposure to the animals blood or by insects
Term
What is the most common vector of tularemia?
Definition
Ticks
Term
What are the characteristic symptoms of tularemia?
Definition
Ulcerative skin lesions, swollen lymph glands, conjunctival inflammation, sore throat, intestinal disruption, pulmonary involvement
Term
What is the causative agent of Lyme Disease?
Definition
Borrelia burgdorferi which is carried by ticks
Term
What is the first stage of Lyme Disease?
Definition
Bulls-eye skin rash develops with fever, head ache, stiff neck, dizziness
Term
What is the 2nd stage of Lyme Disease?
Definition
2-8 weeks after initial symptoms. Heart disrhythmias leading to dizzy spells and fainting. Can lead to paralysis of the face, severe headache, emotional instability, fatigue, impairement of nerves of the limbs.
Term
What is the 3rd stage of Lyme Disease?
Definition
Arthritis occurs at 6 months after initial symptoms in 60% of cases.
Term
Is lyme disease fatal?
Definition
no
Term
How is lyme disease treated?
Definition
Ampicillin. Treated early = full recovery. Late stage treatment reduces symptoms through they may not go away completely.
Term
What is the causative agent of Infectious Mononucleosis?
Definition
Epstein Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus
Term
Is Infectious Mononucelosis a DNA or RNA infection?
Definition
DNA
Term
What is the incubation period? What happens next?
Definition
30-50 days. Virus establishes an infection of the b-lymphocytes.
Term
What are symptoms of Mono?
Definition
Enlarged lymphnodes
Term
Can certain strains of EBV cause cancer of the cells? IF so, what's the cancer called?
Definition
Yes, Burkitt's Lymphoma
Term
How does a hemorrhagic fever disease work?
Definition
The virus enters the blood stream causing capillary fragility and disrupting blood-clotting systems leading to a localized bleeding and shock
Term
What is the causative agent of yellow fever?
Definition
Arbovirus
Term
What are the symptoms of yellow fever?
Definition
Jaundice, black vomit
Term
What is the causative agent of Dengue Fever?
Definition
Arbovirus
Term
What can Dengue Fever progress to?
Definition
Dengue Hemorrhagic Shock which is lethal and causes pain in muscles and joints.
Term
What is the causative agent of Ebola and Marburg?
Definition
Filovirus
Term
What are the symptoms of ebola nd marburg?
Definition
Bleeding from orifices, mucous membranes, and experience massive internal and external hemorrhaging.
Term
What is the treatment for ebola and marburg?
Definition
None. Mortality rate = 25-100% depending on strain
Term
What is the causative agent of lassa fever?
Definition
Arenavirus
Term
In 20% of the cases, a severe hemorrhagic syndrome develops. T or F?
Definition
T.
Term
What is Brucellosis also called?
Definition
Bang's Disease or Undulant Fever
Term
What is Brucellosis caused by?
Definition
Brucella melitensis
Term
How is Brucellosis transmitted to humans?
Definition
Via blood of infected animals or contaminated animal products.
Term
Who are the common carriers of Brucellosis?
Definition
Bison, elk, moose
Term
How does Brucella Melitensis infect?
Definition
Enters through damaged skin or mucus membranes of the digestive tract, conjunctiva, and respiratory tract and is then carried into the blood stream by phagocytic cells creating focal lesions in the liver, spleen, bone marrow and kidney.
Term
What is the causative agent of cat scratch disease?
Definition
Bartonella henselae
Term
How is cat scratch disease transmitted to humans?
Definition
Bites or scratches by cats and kittens
Term
What are the symptoms of CSD?
Definition
See a small cluster of papules at the site of inoculation followed by swelling of lymph nodes that can become pus filled.
Term
Only ____ will experience a fever.
Definition
1/3
Term
Can the CSD be prevented?
Definition
Yes by cleaning the bite.
Term
What do rickettsial infections require and what do they target?
Definition
Insect vectors and target small blood vessels in the body and symptoms include rash, edema and hypotension.
Term
What is the causative agent of epidemic typhus?
Definition
Rickettsia prowazekii
Term
How is epidemic typhus transmitted?
Definition
Contact with louse feces
Term
What causes endemic typhus?
Definition
Ricksettia typhi
Term
How is endemic typhus transmitted?
Definition
Rats and mice are carriers and it is passed to humans via fleas
Term
Is endemic typhus the most severe and reported rickettsial illness in the southwest US?
Definition
Yes
Term
What is the cause of rocky mountain spotted fever?
Definition
Rickettsia ricketsii
Term
What is the treatment of Rickettsia infections?
Definition
Tetracyclines
Term
What is the world's most dominant protozoan disease?
Definition
Malaria
Term
What are the causative agents of malaria?
Definition
P. malariae, P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovale
Term
How is malaria spread?
Definition
Mosquitos
Term
What is the 1st phase of parasite development?
Definition
Asexual phase. In human host. Begins when infected mosquito bites human. Before drawing blood, mosquito injects saliva containing the parasite into the blood to prevent clotting. Then the parasite moves to the liver where it divides within the hepatocytes which eventually burst releasing the parasite into circulation. It then feeds on RBC and reproduces until its bursts.
Term
What is the 2nd phase of parasite development?
Definition
Sexual phase. In mosquito host. Draws infected blood into stomach. Parasite reprocuces and moves to salivary glands and waits to be passed onto humans.
Term
What are complications from malaria?
Definition
Hemolytic anemia, ruptured organs, and pulmonary failure.
Term
What is the HIV virus?
Definition
A retrovirus
Term
What is a hybrid virus?
Definition
Genetic sequences from two separate monkey SIV's
Term
What are the symptoms of the HIV virus tied to?
Definition
The level of virus in the blood and the level of CD4 helper cells in the blood
Term
What are the symptoms of HIV?
Definition
Initially, mono-like. Within days, 50% of helper T cells are destroyed. Symptoms are often followed by asymptomatic periods of 2-15 years. During this time, T cell numbers are falling and once they are low enough it becomes AIDS.
Term
What is AIDS?
Definition
The end stage of HIV
Term
What are secondary symptoms of AIDS?
Definition
Opportunistic infections, pronouncing wasting of body mass, protracted fever, fatigue, sore throat, and night sweats, lesions on brain meninges, spiral column and peripheral nerves and cancer.
Term
What types of cancer are associated with AIDS?
Definition
Kaposi sarcoma, non-hodgkins lymphoma.
Term
Where is HIV carried?
Definition
Blood, semen, vaginal secretions
Term
What is the causative agent of elephantiasis?
Definition
Wuchereria bancrofti.
Term
How is elephantiasis spread?
Definition
Mosquitos
Term
How does elephantiasis work?
Definition
Infection of lymph node causes lymph fluid to collect and cause edema in lower regions of body especially legs. Males can have it in balls.
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