Bacterial Meningitis
 

- Symptoms:  inactivity, irritability, vomiting,

poor feeding

 - Type A tympanogram

Ototoxicity

- Drug induced damage that affects auditory system “ear poisoning”

- Causes SNHL, tinnitus, vestibular probs

 - CHL

 - Type B (flat) – reduced ME pressure and static compliance

Otitis Externa (Swimmer’s Ear)

- most common among divers and swimmers

Causes:  trauma to ear canal, bacterial infections, excessive water exposure, cuts inside ear, allergies, bony growths, ear bud headphones, sweating, skin problems.

Ossicular Disarticulation (broken ossicles)

-Conductive HL

-After surgery (ossibuloplasty) at 5 years, 2/3 of cases showed closure of ABG to within 15 db.

- most common symptom – tympanosclerosis

(associated disorder)

- Unilateral CHL

Auditory Neuropathy

affects transmission of signals to brain

- Severity: ranges normal to severe

- Any configuration is possible with this disorder

Usher Syndrome 

– genetic syndrome that
causes SNHL and eye disorder in people of all ages. (retinitis pigmentosa)

- 3 types (Type I, II and III)

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

- Common symptoms: dizziness, ear discomfort, slight HL, stuffiness in ear, popping ,

nose bleeds, poor balance
 

- Type C tympanogram (negative pressure)

Suppurative Otitis Media 

– perforated tympanic membrane
- acute and chronic

- SNHL associated with chronic variation (b/c of constant drainage of ME)

-Bilateral HL with severe notch (4000 – 6000 hz) 

-Type A tympanogram

Acoustic Neuroma 

Presbycusis

Tympanosclerosis 

– irreversible calcification in ME, localizing on tympanic membrane.

-white, chaulky calcium plaques in ear

-conductive HL

Cholesteatoma

-abnormal skin growth behind eardrum

-causes: congenital or acquired, chronic ear infections, eustacian tube dysfunction

Mucous Otitis Media “glue ear”

-signs: dull/grey, amber or red TM, bubbles, fluid, fever, ear pain

-Highest prevalence in children 2 years and younger

Otosclerosis 

– abnormal sponge like growth of bone in ME.  

-most frequent cause of ME hearing loss in

young adults (20-40)

-Type As due to stiffness of ME.

Congenital Ear Canal Atresia 

– birth defect, malformation of ear canal

-more common in males

-unilateral Atresia is 3X more common than bilateral atresia

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – herpes virus
-

- leading cause of sensorineural HL in children

-CMV related hearing loss may be fluctuating or progressive making it difficult to detect early

-CHL is common in Down’s b/c of structure abnormalities, excessive wax production

-66-89% prevalence have hearingloss greater than 15-20 dB in at least one ear

Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease 

- cause is the result of antibodies to an

inner ear antigen.  

- extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of people who have HL

Waardenburg Syndrome 

  (genetic disorder with 4 types)

Meinere’s Disease

-symptoms: sudden attacks of severe vertigo, tinnitus, ear fullness,

- unilateral SNHL

Neurofibromatosis 

 genetic disorder of nervous system, forms tumors all over body

- 3 types – type I, type II and Schwannamatosis

- Type II tumors grown on VIII cranial nervecausing hearing loss, deafness, balance probs., etc.

(basically an ear infection, but children do not act sick)

- fluid in Middle ear
 

- 2 types, acute and chronic

lesions in brain due to autoimmune disorder

-most common HL is bilateral sensorineural

-Myelin sheath is attacked