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Diseases of Immunity
8.17 by Dr. Rodriguez
48
Pathology
Professional
08/19/2011

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Cards

Term
Central tolerance is achieved via clonal __________ while peripheral tolerance is achieved via clonal _________.
Definition
deletion; anergy
Term
Which HLA is associated with ankylosing spondylitis?
Definition
B27
Term
Which HLA is associated with insulin dependent diabetes?
Definition
DR3/DR4
Term
Type I hypersensitivity reaction is called _________.
Definition
Anaphylaxis
Term
Type II hypersensitivity reaction is called __________.
Definition
cytotoxic
Term
Type III hypersensitivity reaction is called ________________.
Definition
immune complex
Term
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction is called _________.
Definition
delayed
Term
T/F A hypersensitivity reaction does not require prior exposure to the antigen.
Definition
False, it occurs after primary sensitization
Term
What are the primary and secondary mediators of anaphylaxis?
Definition
primary: histamine, Eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF), enzymes
secondary: leukotrienes, prostaglandins, PAF, IL-1, IL-3, TNF, etc.
Term
What hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE binding to mast cells (tissue basophils)?
Definition
anaphylaxis
Term
Asthma, Hayfever, angioedema, and urticaria (hives) are all examples of _________.
Definition
local anaphylaxis
Term
Which hypersensitivity reaction involves humoral antibodies injuring cells by predisposing them to phagocytosis or lysis?
Definition
cytotoxic (type II)
Term
Which antibodies mediate cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction?
Definition
IgG or IgM
Term
How do antibodies harm cells in type II hypersensitivity reaction?
Definition
via complement dependent reactions, antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity or by antibody mediated cellular dysfunction
Term
Hemolytic transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn are both due to ________ HSR.
Definition
type II
Term
Myasthenia gravis is due to which type of HSR?
Definition
type II
Term
Goodpasture syndrome (anti-GBM disease) is due to _______ HSR.
Definition
type II
Term
Bullous pemphigoid is due to ______ HSR.
Definition
type II
Term
Pernicious anemia is due to ____________ HSR.
Definition
type II
Term
Acute rheumatic fever is due to _______ HSR.
Definition
type II
Term
Describe Immune Complex HSR?
Definition
humoral antibodies bind antigens, activate complement, and attract neutrophils that release lysosomal enzymes that cause tissue damage. This also causes generalized or localized immune complex deposition.
Term
Does type III hypersensitivity rxn deal with self or foreign antigens?
Definition
both!
Term
Glomerulonephritis is an example of ____ HSR.
Definition
type III
Term
SLE is an example of ________ HSR.
Definition
type III
Term
RA is an example of _______ HSR
Definition
type III
Term
Describe type IV HSR.
Definition
involves tissue injury in which cell mediated immune responses with sensitized T-lymphocytes cause cellular and tissue injury
Term
What are the cytokines associated with type IV HSR?
Definition
IL-12 and TNF
Term
Granulomatous inflammation is an example of _____ HSR.
Definition
type IV
Term
Sarcoidosis is an example of ______ HSR.
Definition
type IV
Term
Contact dermatitis is due to ______ HSR.
Definition
type IV
Term
What type of transplate rejections is due to vessels being occluded?
Definition
chronic rejection
Term
T/F A surgeon can tell during surgery if the patient is experiencing hyperacute rejection.
Definition
true
Term
Loss of what kind of immune tolerance causes autoimmune disease?
Definition
probably breakdown of T cell anergy; failure of activation induced T cell death and T cell mediated suppression
Term
What are the mechanisms of injury in autoimmune disease?
Definition
predominantly antibody mediated (type III) but also cell mediated mechanisms to a lesser extent
Term
What are a few of the major systems adversely affected by SLE?
Definition
kidney, heart, joints, CNS
Term
T/F Sjogren syndrome, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis/polymyositis, RA, mixed connective tissue disease, and polyarteritis nodosa are all examples of autoimmune disease.
Definition
True
Term
X linked agammaglobulinemia is aka...
Definition
bruton's agammaglobulinemia
Term
How can SCID be inherited genetically?
Definition
can be x-linked or autosomal recessive
Term
What enzyme is deficient in the autosomal recessive form of SCID?
Definition
adenosine deaminase
Term
What are the three phases of AIDS?
Definition
1) acute phase, 2) middle, chronic, latent phase 3) final crisis, terminal phase
Term
Name a few of the opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.
Definition
pneumocystosis, toxoplasmosis, cyrptosporidiosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, mycobacterial (TB, MAC, etc.), CMV, herpes
Term
Name the neoplasms associated with AIDS.
Definition
kaposi sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Term
Are amyloids intracellular or extracellular?
Definition
extracellular
Term
How does progressive accumulation of amyloids injure cells?
Definition
it causes pressure atrophy of adjascent cells
Term
Is reactive lymphadenopathy benign hyperplasia or a neoplasm?
Definition
benign hyperplasia
Term
T/F All monoclonal gammopathies are malignant neoplasms.
Definition
false, some are just benign and of undetermined significance
Term
T/F Non-hodgkin's lymphoma is a malignant lymphoma.
Definition
true
Term
What are two examples of plasma cell dyscrasias?
Definition
multiple myeloma and waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
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