Urinary Tract Disease

Urethra

Bladder

Ureters

Ureter bladder

Kidney

Infection in the bladder

Symptom onset:

fever & nausea

Pain around the pelvis

urge to urinate (pressure change)

dysuria (burning pain)

back pain (kidney involvement)

urine usually clear, w/ infection: cloudy or orange (RBC)

Infection of the urethra

males- asymptomatic, uncommon unless they have an std

usually ghonorrea or climidia

reproductive tract in males longer

women - no symptoms until infection goes to the bladder

Cause of Urethritis

Most common:

Autoinnoculation - incorrect hygiene; wiping

women who linger after sex, and diabetics with sugar in urine

Urinary tract infection

(UTI)

Cause:

E.coli (most common), staphococcus epidermis (#1 noscomial),

staph saprophyticus and proteus murabilis

Autoinnoculation

women and diabetics

Prevention

Vaccine in process, cranberry juice (diaretic), corn silk, acidic ph

Treatment:

Amoxiccillin or sulfra drugs

Coats lining, not allowing intimin to attach

Kills normal biota helping digestion and linging the colon to keep bacteria out

E.Coli is normal flora in the intestine

if destroyed, Gastrointestinal tract will be infected

Constant Diarrhea

E.Coli's intimin Protein attaches to host inside the bladder, lots of pyli makes it motile and able to move

moves right to the urethra and causes infection

Inflammation of the vagina vs. itching

Cause:Candida albiacans

 Transmission: Sexual or normal biota outgrowth

Prevention: Condom or dental diams; dont have sex

dairy gives you probiotics

Symptoms: burning, itching, discharge

 Treatment: -Azole; treats fungus, pill or topical

Fungal, opportunisitic infection

Yeast infection = fungal infection

normal biota, it is abnormal growth

Antibiotics kill normal flora

hormonal cycles in menopause

colonization not an infection

white abnormal discharge

Thursh: Oral yest infection, men can get it

Can move to the esophagus and stomach, anal, not just genitals

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); fungus

flopian tubes, ovaries, cervix

no genitals

Causes inflammation; no itching; prevalant after sex

Symp: discharge, fishy odor

Semi sexual transmitted: more partners, better chance

Treated with azole

women dont have prostate (sperm) = only in men

surrounds urethra = inflammation

Sexual transmission

pain, frequent urination, blood in the urine, painful ejaculation

Acute: caused by bacteria, treat with antibiotic

Chronic: HHV-8 virus = increase risk of prostate cancer

Protection prevention

Gonorrhea

The Clap

OBLIGATORY REPORTER

Cause: N. ghonnhorea/ gonoccus

Forms bolus'

10% of the world are asymptomatic

Transmission: strictly sexual, can get in mouth and anal

Prevention with condoms or dental dam

Cant live on fomites more than 15 minutes

Approx: 1 million cases in U.S; unrespresented

Not usually reported, outbreak at IUP

Treat: Ciprfloxain

Gonnococcal Isolate Surveillance Project

(GISP)

Center of Disease Control and Prevention

Atlanta

Ghonorrhea Samples sent to center

Analayze and monitor antibiotic resistance

All strands resistant but one; Ciproflaxain

Ghonorrhea symptoms and complication

male vs. female

Males:

 Symptom: Dysuria and yellow discharge = urethritis

Complication: spread to sperm ducts = infertility by scarring

Females

Symptom: Affects urinary and genitals; UTI then infection

bloody discharge and dysuria

Complication: Infertility: Vagina to uterus to ovaries = PID

Fimbriae protein allowing attachment to the epithelial cells or urinary and GI tract

Provide antigens for inflammation = inflammatory response

Chlamydia

Most common reportable infectious disease

Cause: Chlaymdia Trachomati (G-)

Cells have microvillia on them, chlamaydia rests on top doing nothing, when it enters cell it starts the infection

 850,000 to 2 million people reported

-Estimated to be 5 to 7.14 million people - Asymptomatic

Aquired sexually

4% young adults will aquire

Treatment with Azrithomycin; the Z-pak (gone in 7 days)

must get rechecked in 3-4 months to ensure it is gone

repeated infections lead to PID

Male Symptoms:

Urethra swells and yellow discharge

Can lead to epididymtitis (testicle inflammation)

Female symptoms:

Cervix inflammation & discharge = PID

damages flopian tubes

Can swell he lymph nodes invading the groin, fill with granulocytes and enlarge = bumps

babies by women will have eye infection and pneumonia

1. Elementary body; inactive form

-metabolic, not growing or dividing, still infectious

-can only transmit because it is intracellular parasite

2. Reticulate Body; actively dividing

infectious

-must get into the cell by phagocytosis, will stop digestion and turn into a reticulum body, actively divide by binary fision and change back to a elementary body to be released from the cell

-Elementary infects, you are infected by the reiculate body

1. EB enters phagocytic cell by phagocytosis

2. In the vesicle within the phagosome, EB becomes RB

3. RB divides by binary fission

4. EB releases from the cell to lyse and kill

In the phagocytes:

Evades immunse system by infection and going intracellular

G - cell wall has special parts to stop digestion = cant degrade

Inflammation

Massive damage to fallopian tubes and urethra