acute, chronic treponemal disease / primary lesion(chancre) first stage / secondary eruption of skin and mucous membrane / long periods of latency  (6 months to a year)/ late lesions of skin, bone,  viscera, the CNS, and cardiovascular system /indurated, painless ulcer at the site of invasion / firm, nonfluctuant, painless satellite lymph node (bubo) / Death rarely occurs during early stages and late manifestations shorten life / In case of fetal infection, abortion, stillbirth frequently cause infant death. (3 stages)

Syphilus

(Treponema pallidum)

{Gram-negative}

AKA: Lues

*spirochete*

Acute disease induced by an exotoxin / painful muscular contractions of masseter, neck, trunk muscles / abdominal rigidity / generalized spasm - position of opisthotonus and facial expression (risus sardonicus), a contracted muscle that won't stop contracting / Wide range of case-fatality (10-90%) - highest in infants and elderly

Tetanus

(Clostridium tetani)

{Gram-positive}

AKA: lockjaw, obstetrical tetanus

*endospore former*

major cause of diability and death in many parts of the world / early lung lesion

pulmonary and tracheobronchial lymph node calcifications / fatigue, F, night sweats, weight loss, C, chest pain, hemoptysis, and hoarseness / skin test available-different stages-

Tuberculosis

(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

AKA: TB, TB disease

*acid-fast staining*

Indolent ulcer and lymph node swelling at the site of infection / painful 

pharyngitis / abdominal pain / D, V / pneumonic involvement / primary septicemia syndrome / painful purulent conjunctivitis with regional lymphadenitis / Jellison type A is more virulent than type B

Tularemia

(Francisella tularensis)

{Gram-negative}

AKA: rabbit fever, deer-gly fever, Ohara disease

*zoonotic*

ulceration of Peyer patches in the ileum can produce intestinal hemorrhage 

or perforation / cerebral dysfunction / sweating high F / mental dullness / slight deafness / parotitis / no blood in D / gastroenteritis

insidious onset of sustained F, severe H, M, A, relative bradycardia, 

splenomegaly, rose spots on the trunk in 25% of white patients, nonproductive cough, constipation, 

Typhoid Fever

(Salmonella typhi)

{Gram-negative}

*typhoid bacillus*

Similar symptoms to typhoid fever but tend to be milder

insidious onset of sustained F, severe H, M, A, relative bradycardia, 

splenomegaly, rose spots on the trunk in 25% of white patients, nonproductive cough, constipation, 

Paratyphoid Fever

(Salmonella enterica)

{Gram-negative}

AKA: enteric fever, typhus abdominalis

Variable onset, often sudden and marked by Headache, chills, prostration, F, aneversd general pains, macular eruption appears on the fifth to sixth day on the upper trunk, and then to the entire body, but usu. not to face, palms, or soles, toxemia, mild infection might occur, recrudescence might occur (Brill-Zinsser disease)

Typhus Fever: Epidemic Louseborne Typhus Fever

(Rickettsia prowazekii)

AKA: louse-borne typhus, classic typhus fever

*zoonotic from flying squirrels*

Symptoms and course resembles that of louseborne typhus, but are milder. 

Absence of louse infestation, geographic and seasonal distribution and sporadic occurrence of the disease help to differentiate from louseborne typhus

Characterized by primary "punched out" skin ulcer(eschar) /  Acute febrile onset, Headache, profuse sweating, conjunctival injection and lymphadenopathy / dull red maculopapular eruption on the trunk and to the extremities and disappear in a few days / pneumonitis / higher among older ppl

Typhus Fever: Scrub Typhus

(Orientia tsutsugamushi)

AKA: mite-borne typhus

*multiple serologically distinct strains (serovars)*

1. Common wart: circumscribed, hyperkeratotic, rough-textured, painless

papule, varying in size from a pinhead to large masses / 

2. Filiform warts: elongated, pointed, delicate lesions 

3. Laryngeal papillomas:vocal cords and the epiglottis in children and adults 

4. Flat warts: smooth, slightly elevated, usu. multiple lesions / 

5. Venereal warts: cauliflower like,fleshy growths,around genitalia and anus  6. Flat papillomas: cervix 

7. Plantar warts: flat, hyperkeratotic lesions of the plantar surface of the feet, painful

Warts

(Human papillomavirus)

AKA: Verruca vulgaris

*DNA virus*

Acute, short duration, sudden onset, Fever, chills, Headache, backache, gen. muscle pain, prostration, nausea, and Vomitting / disproportion b/n pulse and elevated temp. / albuminuria, anuria, leukopenia, hemorrhagic symptoms (epistaxis, gingival bleeding, hematemesis, melena, and liver and renal failure-can produce jaundice

Yellow Fever

(Flavivirus)