Term
| Hippocrates (460 - 377 B.C.) |
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Definition
-Greek
-Father of the total number of cases of a particular disease in a community at a specified time. Medicine
-Believed in healing power of nature and that disease developed from natural causes
-prescribed diets, rest, fresh air, massage and baths
-wrote the definitive treatise on the environment and health--Air, Waters and Places |
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Term
| Marcus Varro (116-21 B.C.) |
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Definition
-Roman empire
-described small creatures invisible to the eye
-theorized that these creatures filled the air, were breathed in and caused dangerous diseases |
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Term
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Definition
-key player in the 19th century
-showed w/o question that microorganisms could be pathogenic to humans
-advanced immunology by developing vaccines for anthrax and rabies
-developed procedure for destroying pathogenic organisms in milk and other liquids = pasteurization |
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Term
| Leonardo da Vinci & Andreas Vesalius |
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Definition
-Renaissance
-produced anatomic works based on dissection of the human body that showed Galen’s mistakes and became the foundation for modern anatomy |
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Term
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Definition
-Renaissance
-named syphilis
-recognized typhus and the contagious nature of TB
-spoke of “the existence of invisible seeds of infection which multiply and penetrate the organism” |
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Definition
-17th century
-experiments demonstrated the circulation of blood |
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Definition
-17th century
-constructed more than 200 microscopes
described RBCs
-first to identify bacteria, but did not connect it to disease |
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Term
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Definition
-key player in the 18th century
-successfully demonstrated the process of vaccination as protection against smallpox.
-Considered one of the greatest discoveries of all time for both medicine and public health
-incidence of smallpox was greatly reduced in developed countries all over the world shortly after Jenner introduced the vaccination |
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Term
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Definition
-key player in the 19th century
-discovered bacilli (an aerobic, rod-shaped, spore-producing bacterium) for anthrax, cholera and TB
-developed postulates(something assumed true) concerning the relationship between disease and organisms.
-postulates established the “Germ Theory” of disease |
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Definition
-key player in the 19th century
-applied antiseptics to surgical wounds making surgery much safer |
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Definition
-key player in the 19th century
-published a health report for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, outlining the public health needs of the state in 1850
-marked the beginning of the “Modern Era of Public Health” |
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Definition
-key player in the 19t century
-published a report in England in 1842 concerning the poor state of health and the deplorable sanitary conditions
-England passed the British Public Health Act of 1848. |
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Definition
-key player in the 20th century
-discovered penicillin (1928)
-it became the treatment of choice to cure many bacterial infections
-considered by some to be the most dramatic breakthrough in chemotherapy |
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Term
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Definition
| The science that studies the factors and causes of disease, the patterns of disease occurrence or distribution and the frequency in order to make recommendations to prevent, control and/or eliminate the disease in a population. |
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Term
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Definition
| -the constant presence of a disease in a population at normally expected levels |
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Term
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Definition
| -an outbreak of a specific disease in excess of what would normally be expected |
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Definition
| -an epidemic that is widespread over a country, continent, or worldwide |
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Term
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Definition
| -the number of new cases of a disease in a population at a specified time. |
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Term
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Definition
-the total number of cases of a particular disease in a community at a specified time.
-old + new cases |
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Term
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Definition
-the number of events that occur in a given population in a given period of time.
=number of events per population at risk x 1000
-a power of 10 |
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Term
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Definition
| -the number of new cases or deaths due to a disease in a population-at-risk during a given time period (week, month or year) divided by the total number in that same population. |
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Definition
| -the number of new and old cases or deaths due to a disease in a population-at-risk during a given time period (week, month or year) divided by the total number in that same population. |
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Term
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Definition
-level of prevention
-measures taken before the disease occurs to reduce susceptibility |
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Definition
-level of prevention
-measures taken to diagnose a disease which is already present
-early detection |
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Definition
-level of prevention
-all measures taken to return the individual to a “normal” state of health or to keep the person alive -rehabilitation |
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Term
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Definition
-Whether or not one gets a disease depends on the relationship between 3 factors:
-the host
-the agent
-the environment |
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Definition
-part of the Epidemiologic Triad
-any susceptible organism |
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Definition
-part of the Epidemiologic Triad
-the element(s) or factor(s) that must be present in order for the disease to occur. |
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Definition
-part of the Epidemiologic Triad
-all other factors that inhibit or promote disease occurrence or onset. |
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Definition
-where the pathogen lives
-“home” of the pathogenic organism
-where the pathogen can live and reproduce. |
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Definition
| -a way for a pathogen(s) to escape their host |
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Definition
| -the pathogens transportation to infect an organism |
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Definition
| -the way for a pathogen to get into a new host |
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Term
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Definition
-stage of disease
-occurs between when the pathogen enters the body and the first symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
-stage of disease
-when general symptoms occur, e.g., headache, fever, nausea, irritability, runny nose, etc. |
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Definition
-stage of disease
-when the characteristic symptoms appear; the peak or most intense stage
-Communicability is most probable at this stage!!! |
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Definition
-stage of disease
-when symptoms begin to fade and recovery begins.
-Relapses may occur |
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Definition
-stage of disease
-Rebuilding of the body occurs.
-Host is immune; could transmit if in a carrier state. |
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