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Disease Detectives
SciOly 2009 Disease Detectives C terms
13
Science
Not Applicable
02/28/2009

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Term
Outbreak
Definition
more cases of a particular disease than expected in a given area, or among a specialized group of people over a particular period of time, localized epidemic
Term
Epidemic
Definition
large numbers of people over a wide geographic area affected
Term
Cluster
Definition
an aggregation of cases over a particular period, closely grouped in time or space regardless of whether the number is greater than expected or not
Term
pandemic
Definition
An epidemic occurring over a very wide area, usu. affecting a large portion of the population.
Term
risk
Definition
Probability that an individual will be effected by or die from a particular illness/injury within a stated time/age span.
Term
vector
Definition
an animate intermediary in the indirect transmission of an agent, that carries the agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host. (like mosquitoes to malaria)
Term
fomite
Definition
A physical object that serves to transmit an infectious agent from person to person. (lice-infested comb, etc.)
Term
zoonosis
Definition
An infectious disease that is transmissible from animals to humans
Term
surveillance
Definition
Systematic/ongoing collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data, to gain knowledge of patterns of disease, injury, etc. to work towards controlling/preventing them.
Term
case report
Definition
detailed report of a single patient from one or more doctors
Term
case series
Definition
characteristics of several patients
Term
Attack rate
Definition
rate that a group experienced an outcome or illness
= # sick/total in group
(look for high attack rate in exposed, low in unexposed)
Term
Relative risk
Definition
estimates extent of association between an exposure and the disease.
= Attack rate (exposed) / Attack rate (unexposed)
if > 1, then increased risk/positive association
if < 1, then negative association (protective effect?)
if = 1, then no evidence for association
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