Term
| what do time factors tell us about disease occurrence? |
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Definition
Time factors - Help us….
•Understand patterns of disease occurrence
•Predict future disease outbreaks
•Assess the potential impact of a disease outbreak
•Understand potential causal relationships |
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Term
| Time Comparison: 1)Secular trends... give an example |
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Definition
| AIDS, Smoking, longevity, STDs |
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Term
| Time Comparison: Seasonal patterns |
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Definition
•Represent a recurring seasonal pattern of occurrence over time (year after year)
-coincide with school year / exposures / conditions
- measles, mumps, chickenpox, head lice, colds |
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Term
| Time comparisons: cyclic variation... give an example |
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Definition
•Examples:
Measles – common increase every 3 yrs.
Hepatitis A – peak incidence every 7 yrs. |
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Term
| Time comparison: point epidemics.. give an example |
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Definition
exs) head lice, gonorrhea, influenza |
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Term
| what season is most related to food poisoning, drowmings, lyme disease, skin cancer, randon, and respiratory infections? |
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Definition
Summer-spring
•Food poisoning
•Drownings
•Hantavirus (spring)
•Lyme disease
•Skin cancer
Winter-Fall
•Hypothermia
•Radon
•Respiratory infections |
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Term
| what seasons are linked to depression and suicide? |
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Definition
Depression - Winter
Suicide- Spring/Summer |
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Term
| what is herd immunity and how does it occur? |
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Definition
1 In peak year –most susceptible persons in the community get the disease
2 In following year most of the people have developed immunity & a few susceptibles remain
3 Susceptibles are protected because most people are immune
4 Each successive year the ratio of susceptibles to immunes rises
until there are enough susceptibles to support another major
epidemic. |
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Term
| what is a point epidemic? |
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Definition
üRepresent sudden rise in the incidence of a disease or illness (eg. Food poisoning)
üDemonstrated by a peak followed by rapid drop in incidence
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Term
| whats the difference between a common source and a propagated epidemic? give an ex. of each |
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Definition
common source- •Involve exposure of a group of persons to a common noxious influence or source.
Examples) •Food poisoning
•Water contamination
Propagated Epidemics- the mode of transmission is from a person to a person, or host to host (animal to person)
examples) AIDS, Flu, Measels
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Term
| what is meant by a "self-limiting" outbreak? |
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Definition
| one that runs a limited and definite course |
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Term
| what facors or conditions allowed the influenze epidemic of 1918-19 to be so devastating? |
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Definition
virus spread more quickly than it had the year before
general lack of awareness and hwo it was spread
it was almost guaranteed death
lack of communication to people other than in armed forces or prisoners
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Term
with the influenza epidemic what populations were most affected? why?
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Definition
germany
spain
france
great britain
spread through the world war. also Boston had it because the navy pier in boston ignored it and this was american most important port cities for shipping troops and equipment
it struck bases in Louisiana, san francisco, georgia and washington |
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